Tag: Adriana Georgescu

  • “Au commencement de la fin”, un livre d’Adriana Georgescu

    “Au commencement de la fin”, un livre d’Adriana Georgescu

    Les débuts du communisme en Roumanie – et non seulement – ont été marqués par de cruelles répressions dirigées contre ceux qui sopposaient au nouveau régime. Parmi eux, il y avait de nombreux jeunes enthousiastes qui pensaient naïvement que sils protestaient et affirmaient ouvertement la vérité, le régime allait être écarté. Lavocate et journaliste Adriana Georgescu était une de ces jeunes-là.





    En 1945, à 25 ans, elle fut arrêtée par les communistes et torturée. Elle était le chef de cabinet du général Rădescu, dernier premier ministre avant linstauration du régime imposé par les Soviétiques. Après son arrestation abusive, une enquête a été ouverte contre elle et elle a été torturée par un des tortionnaires communistes les plus cruels, devenu général au sein de la Securitate – la police politique du régime communiste. A lissue dun simulacre de procès, elle fut condamnée à 4 ans de prison, pour avoir fait partie de lorganisation T (des jeunes libéraux), classée comme terroriste par les nouvelles autorités communistes. Amnistiée par le roi Michel Ier en 1947, peu avant son abdication, elle fut arrêtée de nouveau la même année. Ses camarades de lorganisation libérale lont pourtant aidée à sévader.





    En fuite à Bucarest pendant une certaine période, elle allait émigrer clandestinement, le 2 août 1948, avec laide de Ştefan Cosmovici, quelle allait épouser plus tard. Après sêtre réfugiée à Vienne, elle sest établie à Paris. Avec laide dune autre exilée anticommuniste, Monica Lovinescu, elle écrivit son premier livre – « Au commencement de la fin » – publié en français à Paris, où elle décrit les horreurs des prisons communistes. Bien que le souvenir de la torture quelle avait subie fût encore frais dans sa mémoire, Adriana Georgescu a fait leffort décrire ce livre justement pour montrer à lOccident le vrai visage du communisme, ce régime caché derrière la propagande et les mensonges. A part les descriptions détaillées des horribles journées de détention et de torture, Adriana Georgescu y esquisse également les portraits des personnages communistes les plus importants.




    Lidia Bodea, directrice générale de la Maison dédition Humanitas, qui a publié la version roumaine du livre dAdriana Georgescu, explique : « Le livre dAdriana Georgescu contient de nombreux détails et portraits : celui de Petru Groza, le premier premier ministre communiste, ainsi que les portraits de deux autres communistes : Emil Bodnăraș et Ana Toma. Adriana Georgescu était une excellente écrivaine et elle avait aussi de lexpérience journalistique. Elle avait publié des articles de critique cinématographique et, avant 1944, la Sûreté – la police politique ayant précédé la Securitate – a voulu larrêter et la livrer à la Gestapo, pour sêtre érigée contre lidéologie nazie, dont on faisait la propagande dans les films. Elle a commencé à écrire le livre « Au commencement de la fin » en 1948, dès sa fuite à Paris. En 1950-1951, le livre a commencé à prendre contour. Adriana Georgescu travaillait en collaboration avec Monica Lovinescu, qui traduisait le texte au fur et à mesure quil était écrit. Le livre a ainsi pu être publié pour la première fois en 1951, quelques années seulement après lexpérience limite de la prison que son auteure avait vécue en Roumanie. »



    Parmi les portraits réalisés par Adriana Georgescu se distingue celui dAlexandru Nicolschi, le plus cruel de ses tortionnaires, l« homme-rat », comme elle lappelle.



    Lidia Bodea : « Nicolschi était à lépoque un homme jeune. Il était né à Tiraspol, en 1915. Il avait donc 30 ans et il avait suivi seulement lécole primaire et secondaire. Au début, ce communiste qui arrivait de lURSS fut arrêté, sous laccusation dêtre agent soviétique. Pendant la guerre, les autorités roumaines commuent sa très lourde peine en une autre, facile à supporter. Cest lui, lhomme-rat dont parle Adriana Georgescu, qui lui fait un portrait de fauve. On connaît lactivité de Nicolschi depuis le « phénomène Pitești » jusquà sa mort sereine. Peu avant sa mort, il expliquait dans une interview quil connaissait la détention, pour avoir été, lui-même, en prison. Promu général au sein de la Securitate, Nicolschi est mort tranquillement dans son lit, en avril 1992. »





    La première édition roumaine du livre dAdriana Georgescu « Au commencement de la fin » est parue en 1991 à la prestigieuse Maison dédition Humanitas, étant préfacée par Monica Lovinescu. Ecrivaine et journaliste qui a milité contre le communisme au micro de Radio Free Europe, Monica Lovinescu évoque dans sa préface le rôle de la dissidence roumaine durant les premières années de laprès-guerre.





    Lidia Bodea nous propose un fragment de cette préface : « Nous souffrons et nous souffrirons encore longtemps de la réputation qui nous a été faite dêtre le pays de lEst avec la plus faible dissidence et, les exceptions bien connues mises à part, cest plutôt vrai pour les dernières décennies de la période communiste, mais pas pour les premières. Après 1944, la résistance en Roumanie a été peut-être plus nombreuse, plus unitaire et plus décidée que chez nos voisins. Et elle a duré plus longtemps. En 1945, nous avions une société civile mais aussi une Armée rouge sur cette terre cédée à linfluence soviétique. En 1989-1990, la société – sauf les magnifiques exceptions bien connues – sest montrée névrosée – aurait dit Adriana Georgescu. En échange, lEurope nest plus divisée et lArmée rouge est occupée chez elle. En 1945, tout dépendait des étrangers. A présent, tout dépend de nous. En principe, il nest plus besoin quau début, ce soit la fin. »





    Adriana Georgescu sest éteinte en 2005, au Royaume Uni, où elle sétait établie après son second mariage. Les Editions Humanitas viennent de publier la deuxième édition de son livre. (Trad. : Dominique)

  • Adriana Georgescu

    Adriana Georgescu

    The beginning of communism in Romania and not only in Romania was marked by the cruel crackdown on those opposing the new regime. They included many young people who naively thought with the enthusiasm specific to their age that by protesting frankly and telling the truth the regime would be toppled. In 1945 one of them was Adriana Georgescu, a lawyer and journalist. Aged 25, she was the chief of staff of general Radescu, the last prime minister before the instatement of the Soviet-imposed regime, when she was arrested by the communists and tortured. After being abusively arrested, investigated and beaten by Alexandru Nicolschi, one of the fiercest communist torturers, who became a Securitate general, a mock trial followed in September 1945.



    Adriana Georgescu was sentenced to four years imprisonment for her involvement in the organization of young liberals which the new communist leaders labeled as terrorist. Granted amnesty by King Mihai in 1947, shortly before he stepped down, she was arrested again in the same year. However, she was “kidnapped by her liberal colleagues who helped her escape. Living as a fugitive in Bucharest for a while, on August 2nd 1948 she illegally fled the country with the help of Stefan Cosmovici, who was to become her husband and after taking refuge in Vienna, she settled in Paris. There, helped by the anti-communist writer and journalist Monica Lovinescu, she wrote her first book describing the horrors in the communist prisons.



    The book entitled “In the Beginning It Was the End first came out in French in Paris. Adriana Georgescu wrote that book to show the real face of the communist regime which the West did not know about, as it was concealed by propaganda and lies. In addition to the detailed description of the terrible days of detention and torture, Adriana Georgescu also made some portraits of high ranking communists as Lidia Bodea, general manager of Humanitas Publishers told us:



    Lidia Bodea: “Adriana Georgescus book contains many details and portraits: the portrait of the first Romanian communist prime minister Petru Groza, portraits of high-ranking communists like Emil Bodnaras and Ana Toma. She was a great writer with a journalists experience too. She used to write film reviews; before 1944 the State Security, the predecessor of Securitate, the communist political police, wanted to hand her over to the Gestapo because she had also attacked the Nazi ideology in the film propaganda. She started to write the book in Paris, shortly after she had fled Romania in 1948 and in 1950-1951, the book took shape. The book was translated into French by Monica Lovinescu. So, the book could be published for the first time in 1951, only a few years after its author had experienced the terror of the communist prison.



    One of the portraits made by Adriana Georgescu is that of Alexandru Nicolschi, her fiercest torturer, “the rat-man as the writer dubbed him. Lidia Bodea again: “At that time, Nicolschi was a young man. He was born in Tiraspol in 1915. So in 1945 he was 30; he had finished 8 grades. He was a communist coming from the USSR and first he was arrested as a Soviet agent. During the war, the Romanian authorities turned his sentence into a bearable one. He is the rat-man whom Adriana Georgescu describes as a beast. Nicolschi was a cruel torturer until his serene death. Just before his death, he said he knew what life in prison was like because he himself had been imprisoned. Securitate general Alexandru Nicolschi died peacefully in April 1992.



    The first Romanian edition of Adriana Georgescus book “In the Beginning It Was the End was brought out by Humanitas Publishers in 1991. In its foreword, Monica Lovinescu, the writer and journalist who opposed communism at the microphone of Radio Free Europe, highlighted the role of the Romanian dissidence in the first years after the war.



    Here is a quote from the preface read out by Lidia Bodea: “We suffer and we will further suffer for quite a while from our reputation of being the East European country with the weakest dissidence. Apart from a few exceptions, that is true for the last decades of the communist regime, but not for the first ones. After 1944, resistance in Romania was larger, more unitary and resolute than in the neighboring countries. And it was longer. In 1945 there was civil society but also the red army in a country under the Soviet influence. In 1989-1990, society, with the well-known remarkable exceptions, appeared neurotic, Adriana Georgescu would have said; in exchange, Europe was no longer divided and the red army was busy at home. In 1945, everything depended on foreigners, now everything is up to us. In principle, in the beginning, there is no way for end to be.



    Adriana Georgescu died in 2005 in Great Britain, where she had settled following her second marriage. Recently, Humanitas Publishers brought out the second edition of her book.

  • Adriana Georgescu

    Adriana Georgescu

    The beginning of communism in Romania and not only in Romania was marked by the cruel crackdown on those opposing the new regime. They included many young people who naively thought with the enthusiasm specific to their age that by protesting frankly and telling the truth the regime would be toppled. In 1945 one of them was Adriana Georgescu, a lawyer and journalist. Aged 25, she was the chief of staff of general Radescu, the last prime minister before the instatement of the Soviet-imposed regime, when she was arrested by the communists and tortured. After being abusively arrested, investigated and beaten by Alexandru Nicolschi, one of the fiercest communist torturers, who became a Securitate general, a mock trial followed in September 1945.



    Adriana Georgescu was sentenced to four years imprisonment for her involvement in the organization of young liberals which the new communist leaders labeled as terrorist. Granted amnesty by King Mihai in 1947, shortly before he stepped down, she was arrested again in the same year. However, she was “kidnapped by her liberal colleagues who helped her escape. Living as a fugitive in Bucharest for a while, on August 2nd 1948 she illegally fled the country with the help of Stefan Cosmovici, who was to become her husband and after taking refuge in Vienna, she settled in Paris. There, helped by the anti-communist writer and journalist Monica Lovinescu, she wrote her first book describing the horrors in the communist prisons.



    The book entitled “In the Beginning It Was the End first came out in French in Paris. Adriana Georgescu wrote that book to show the real face of the communist regime which the West did not know about, as it was concealed by propaganda and lies. In addition to the detailed description of the terrible days of detention and torture, Adriana Georgescu also made some portraits of high ranking communists as Lidia Bodea, general manager of Humanitas Publishers told us:



    Lidia Bodea: “Adriana Georgescus book contains many details and portraits: the portrait of the first Romanian communist prime minister Petru Groza, portraits of high-ranking communists like Emil Bodnaras and Ana Toma. She was a great writer with a journalists experience too. She used to write film reviews; before 1944 the State Security, the predecessor of Securitate, the communist political police, wanted to hand her over to the Gestapo because she had also attacked the Nazi ideology in the film propaganda. She started to write the book in Paris, shortly after she had fled Romania in 1948 and in 1950-1951, the book took shape. The book was translated into French by Monica Lovinescu. So, the book could be published for the first time in 1951, only a few years after its author had experienced the terror of the communist prison.



    One of the portraits made by Adriana Georgescu is that of Alexandru Nicolschi, her fiercest torturer, “the rat-man as the writer dubbed him. Lidia Bodea again: “At that time, Nicolschi was a young man. He was born in Tiraspol in 1915. So in 1945 he was 30; he had finished 8 grades. He was a communist coming from the USSR and first he was arrested as a Soviet agent. During the war, the Romanian authorities turned his sentence into a bearable one. He is the rat-man whom Adriana Georgescu describes as a beast. Nicolschi was a cruel torturer until his serene death. Just before his death, he said he knew what life in prison was like because he himself had been imprisoned. Securitate general Alexandru Nicolschi died peacefully in April 1992.



    The first Romanian edition of Adriana Georgescus book “In the Beginning It Was the End was brought out by Humanitas Publishers in 1991. In its foreword, Monica Lovinescu, the writer and journalist who opposed communism at the microphone of Radio Free Europe, highlighted the role of the Romanian dissidence in the first years after the war.



    Here is a quote from the preface read out by Lidia Bodea: “We suffer and we will further suffer for quite a while from our reputation of being the East European country with the weakest dissidence. Apart from a few exceptions, that is true for the last decades of the communist regime, but not for the first ones. After 1944, resistance in Romania was larger, more unitary and resolute than in the neighboring countries. And it was longer. In 1945 there was civil society but also the red army in a country under the Soviet influence. In 1989-1990, society, with the well-known remarkable exceptions, appeared neurotic, Adriana Georgescu would have said; in exchange, Europe was no longer divided and the red army was busy at home. In 1945, everything depended on foreigners, now everything is up to us. In principle, in the beginning, there is no way for end to be.



    Adriana Georgescu died in 2005 in Great Britain, where she had settled following her second marriage. Recently, Humanitas Publishers brought out the second edition of her book.