Tag: fight

  • Entertainment and leisure in the old town of Ploiesti

    Entertainment and leisure in the old town of Ploiesti

    An oil-extraction town, the seat of a mountainous county, therefore a town with a remarkable tourist potential, Ploiesti, in the inter-war years, was a thriving town, with lots of entertaining opportunities. Some of these entertaining opportunities were even imported from Bucharest by the Ploiesti town dwellers, who were eager to compete with the Bucharest city dwellers on an equal footing. One such important entertaining habits was the big flower fight, which in Bucharest was staged at the Promenade, that is on the then northern outskirts of Romania’s capital city. In the Prahova town, the flower fight started before World War One and was resumed when the war ended. It was a spring entertainment that came to a close in late June, once the holidays began. When and how the flower fight was staged in Ploiesti, we will find out all about that from the author of a book entitled Once Upon a Time in Ploiesti. Flower Fights, football and beauty contests, Lucian Vasile.



    The flower fight was an imported habit, to Ploiesti from the Capital city, before World War One. The Promenade in Bucharest was replaced by the Ploiesti boulevard, on a smaller scale, by all means, yet with the same passion, the same verve and the same popular revolt. Perhaps in Ploiesti it was more intense since it was a smaller town, the green areas were a lot fewer, so cutting the boulevard off from the community circuit at the weekend caused the revolt of those who were unable to afford taking part in that kind of entertainment. That is why, in the 1920s or thereabouts, several newspaper articles were issued, writing that, anyway, the green spaces around town were scarce, which simply deprived the town’s downtrodden and ostracized people of one of their very few recreation areas. Everything came to a standstill on the Saint Peter and Paul’s Feast, when the school year also came to a close in the town’s most important high-school. It had Peter and Paul as patron saints. And it was the time when the town fell asleep. The scorcher back then was, if you will, quite similar with the scorcher we have these days, so the posh people left town, leaving for various resorts abroad, or retiring to their residences in the region, usually lying around Ploiesti.



    The flower fight was mostly affordable for the rank and fashion, yet the more modest town dwellers amused themselves in funfairs, which gained their momentum in early autumn, when the crops were harvested, especially when the grapes were harvested.



    Historian Lucian Vasile:



    If the flower fight was the sign that the life of the town in early summer came to an end, three months later, in early autumn, a funfair was mounted, At the Cannons, that’s how it was called, it opened the new school year as well as a new season of the highlife. Then the town’s posh people returned to their residences in Ploiesti. But, rather, that was how the rank and file amused themselves. The grape juice ignored the social status, so having fun like that was extremely affordable, since at that funfair all sorts of vendors arrived, offering very cheap and simple entertainment: from the Merry-go-round to target shooting, to the boxer punch machines where you could test your force. It was the entertainment for commoners, it lasted for about between 4 and 6 weeks and could have lasted longer had the cold weather not set in, forcing people to retire in beerhouses, restaurants and taverns.



    However, Ploiesti town dwellers were also into football. With details on that, here is historian Lucian Vasile again.



    This sports discipline saw a spectacular rise. Around 1907, 1908 it barely had any fans in Ploiesti and people thought it was a waste of time, they even thought it was a weird kind of sports discipline. Well, 20-30 years later, not only was Ploiesti a hub of national football, but also it had two teams that used to duel each other, yet also competing on the country’s central football stage. It was, on one hand, Prahova, which was the traditional team subsidized the Dutch industry tycoon Jacob Kopes and there was Tricolorul, the Tricolor, the team of the Ploiesti-Valeni Railway Society. It was a very profitable society which of course had tremendous sums of money at its fingertips, sums it splashed here and there, yet with a hardly encouraging outcome. They were unable to win the championship, nay, they even were relegated. Yet they were famous in the late 1930s, for the bonuses and the salaries they paid. But at that time as well, football ended up in brawls, in fights. There was a time, in the late 1920s or thereabouts, when the police prefect himself entered the pitch and started punching people and kicking them with his legs, because he was mad the local team had been defeated.



    A multi-ethnic town, Ploiesti also witnessed ways of spending leisure time through habits and customs imported by the foreigners who settled in the city. A telling example of that is the German community, which was quite numerous. Here is the historian Lucian Vasile, with more on that.



    They built a hall for their community, a hall on the foundation of which today’s Philharmonics Building in town was erected. As early as the late 19th century, the members of the German community convened there, they had a choir and organized all sorts of games: bowling and snooker. What was really new in the town’s life was the fact that here women rubbed shoulders with men, being allowed to play, they were not discriminated against. For the then patriarchal world, that came as a curiosity, how was it possible that, with the Germans, women played snooker alongside men, with no discrimination. Otherwise, the other communities were rather well integrated, and not that anxious to preserve their separate identity. They were trying to integrate.



    Unfortunately, once with the paucity and the restrictions the communist regime brought with it from 1947 onwards, many of these entertainment and leisure opportunities disappeared, just as people’s good humor disappeared.




  • Anti-communist resistance in Romania after 1946

    Anti-communist resistance in Romania after 1946

    Lieutenant Toma Arnautoiu was one of the heroes of the
    anti-communist resistance in Romania. He was born on February 14, 1921.
    Arnautoiu was one of the leaders of the longest-lasting groups of partisans in
    Muscel area, in central Romania, actually on the southern slope of Fagaras Mountains.


    We recall that Muscel is arguably the core area where
    the literary variety of standard Romanian was formed. Throughout the centuries,
    Muscel was inhabited by free, acceptably well-to-do peasants, while its seat,
    the town of Campulung, has a remarkable multicultural history. People from
    Muscel have always benefitted from administrative autonomy. They also had close
    connections with the principality of Transylvania, lying over the Carpathians.


    Lieutenant Toma Arnautoiu was a member of the cultural
    elite of the commune of Nucsoara. Toma was the third child of a primary school
    teacher. His elder brother, Ion, a cavalry officer, was killed in action in
    Crimea, in 1943. In 2000, Toma Arnautoiu’s sister, Elena Florea Ioan, gave an
    interview to Radio Romania’s Oral History Center. That’s how we found out
    primary school teacher Arnautoiu’s family was one of the most respected
    families in the commune of Nucsoara. The family had strong values and
    principles.

    Elena Florea Ioan:


    My heartfelt, very special gratitude goes to my mother, who brought us up
    harmoniously, guiding me and teaching me everything, so that I , when I would
    be completely on my own later in life, could be able to cope with all the hardships
    that occurred. As for father, with his tender-heartedness and kindness, I could
    never annoy him. I couldn’t possibly upset them and proof of that stands the
    fact that everything they advised me I had no problem complying with that. They
    sort of denied me furthering my own education so that the lads could push
    themselves forward, go to university, and suchlike. And when it was about time
    for me to marry, that’s true, there were also my parents who chose my would-be
    husband for me and I could never say they made a mistake. They always guided me
    to take the right path, teaching me to be honest, hardworking, respectful and
    behave in society so that I could not embarrass myself in front of anybody.


    Toma Arnautoiu was wounded on the frontline. He got
    admitted to the Royal Guard Battalion, an elite military unit. After August 23,
    1944, yet another fateful page would be written in Romanian history, the
    military occupation and the instatement of a pro-communist government on march
    6, 1946. Arnautoiu got fired from the army in 1947. In 1948 he left for
    Bucharest to pursue a study program with the Business Academy. It was there
    that young Toma and 30, 40 other colleagues got to know colonel Arsenescu.
    Together they drew up a plan to mount a group of partisans capable of fighting
    in the mountains against the government. The group implemented the plan in
    1949. Also joining the group was Toma’s younger brother, Petre. Elena
    Florea Ioan gave her own account of how the partisans, lead by her
    brother, got help from the locals in Nucsoara. But soon the skirmishes began,
    with the troops of the Interior Ministry.


    They were being sent food, there, in
    the mountains, they got whatever else they needed, but the Securitate began to
    guard the commune and there was no leeway for them to go feed them any longer.
    And despair seized them, there, in the mountains, they had no food, they had
    nothing of what they needed. One night they climbed down into the village, came
    to our home, and someone who was around, an informer, Ileana and I don’t know
    what her other name was, announced the Securitate. The informer was a
    scrubwoman working on a dairy farm. And then an entire regiment came after
    them. They had a clash with the Securitate, a Securitate non-commissioned
    officer even died there.


    As soon as the Arnautoiu brothers went up in the
    mountains, the Securitate arrested the whole family, the parents, their sister,
    her husband, Petre’s wife. She was investigated many times, and from what she
    could recall, Elena Florea Ioan reminisced about an episode that occurred in
    the Pitesti prison.


    For the second time around I got
    sentenced to five years in prison, an administrative sentence on the grounds of
    omission to inform the authorities in right. The reason was that I had got wind
    of my brothers being in the mountains, that I did not help the Securitate
    apprehend them. Time and again they arrested me, they summoned me telling me to
    go search them, to go there as their sister. I kept telling them I had not
    helped them and they were astounded, during the interrogation, because I had
    not helped them. When I was in prison in Pitesti, one night a colonel came from
    Bucharest and interrogated me, it was 1 or 2 in the dead of night. He pulled my
    shirt so hard my buttons snapped, asking me why as their sister did not offer
    them my help, whereas other 100 or more wretches helped them?


    In 1958, in the wake of 9 years of harassing, the
    Muscel resistance group was apprehended. The Securitate framed them, promising
    them passports so they could leave Romania. The passports were offered through
    a friend of Toma’s and the heads of the group were seized in a shepherd’s
    house. Back then Arnautoiu was caught and with him, his two-year old daughter
    and her mother, Maria Plop.

    Elena Florea Ioan:


    That friend of theirs, he went there
    with some plum brandy and with narcotics poured in the drink, he was also
    carrying their passports. And while they were chatting, he poured them a cup of
    the plum brandy. Toma refused the drink, Petrica drank a cup of that plum
    brandy. And while they were having their chat and planning their way out of the
    country the Securitate people were right outside, they came and seized Toma. He
    fought back, they knew he had a little poison envelope sewn into the lapel so
    he couldn’t be caught alive if they ever got seized. They darted at him
    straight away and took the poison envelope as Toma was still fighting. Petrica
    had the time to escape while Toma was still fighting them. He crossed over a
    watercourse and as he was climbing up a hill somebody saw him and denounced
    him. They chased him with a sniffer dog and they found him too, with the
    belt strapped around his neck, trying to commit suicide.


    The investigation for the members of the group lasted
    over a year. They were caught on May 20, 1958. On the night of July 18 to July
    19, 1959, Toma Arnăuțoiu, his brother Petre and 14 other people who for nine
    years helped them were shot.






  • European Commission criticises Romania

    European Commission criticises Romania

    Just weeks ahead of the end of its term in office, the outgoing European Commission is once again voicing severe criticism against the political class in Bucharest. In its latest Cooperation and Verification Mechanism report, made public on Tuesday, the Commission finds Romania has taken steps back in terms of judicial reforms and the rule of law, as well as in its efforts to fight corruption.



    According to the institution, Romania has failed to implement recommendations to reconsider the justice laws and to cancel the amendments to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, all of them likely to hinder the fight against corruption and to bring magistrates under the control of political circles. Key Romanian institutions must work together to prove their commitment to the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption, the report also reads.



    In Bucharest, Justice Minister Ana Birchal says Romania is ready to take on an active role in consolidating the European project, in which justice plays a key part. The National Anti-Corruption Directorate remains committed to combating high-level corruption with impartiality and professionalism, but also points out that the CVM report takes note of the successive changes in the relevant legislation and of the attacks against the activity and decisions of this institution.



    Describing the current state of affairs as a source of concern, the European Commission recommends that the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism, introduced ever since Romanias EU accession in 2007, should remain in place. In contrast, the same report finds that Bulgaria, admitted into the Union concurrently with Romania, has met the commitments it made upon accession, and that the CVM oversight on the Bulgarian judiciary could be lifted.



    Anti-corruption expert Laura Stefan told Radio Romania that the problems pointed out in the CVM report are the consequence of Romanias backtracking from the progress made up until 2017:



    Laura Stefan: “This report is particularly alarming if we draw a parallel with Bulgaria, which paradoxically enough was commended for its progress, although to be fair Romania has achieved things that Bulgaria has never even set out to do. In Romania there has been a true campaign against high-level corruption, resulting in prison sentences and seized assets. Romania has never been affected by large-scale violent crime, as it was the case with our neighbours. So all in all, it is a rather bitter pill to swallow.



    In turn, the mass media blame the Commissions criticism on the policies implemented by the successive leftist governments of the past 3 years. Headed by Sorin Grindeanu, Mihai Tudose and Viorica Dancila, all these cabinets were in fact brought to power and controlled by the former Social Democratic leader Liviu Dragnea, who was eventually imprisoned for corruption offences.


    (translated by: Ana-Maria Popescu)