Radio România Internațional

Tag: King Ferdinand

  • October 5, 2018 UPDATE

    October 5, 2018 UPDATE

    REFERENDUM — Nearly 19 million Romanian voters are invited on Saturday and Sunday to vote on a proposed redefinition of the concept of family in the Constitution. The initiators aim to define “family” as an institution based on the marriage of a man and a woman, rather than the marriage of spouses, as it is at present. The Parliament has passed a bill in this respect, based on a citizen initiative for which 3 million signatures have been raised. The referendum sparked fiery debates between the initiators, a Christian coalition primarily supported by the Romanian Orthodox Church, and the supporters of sexual minority rights. The Romanians living abroad may vote in 378 polls hosted by diplomatic missions, consular offices, cultural institutes and other locations. The largest number of polls abroad will be in Italy, Spain, the Republic of Moldova, the USA, UK, France and Germany. The referendum will be validated provided that at least 25% of the eligible voters cast valid votes.




    MEETING – Hungary supports Romania’s efforts to join the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Hungarian Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto said on Friday. The Hungarian official had a meeting on Friday with the Romanian Minister for the Business Environment, Trade and Entrepreneurship, Stefan Radu Oprea, on which occasion they discussed topics of mutual interest. Péter Szijjártó said Romania is his country’s second largest export market for which reason Hungary is interested in strengthening cooperation with Romania in a number of sectors.




    JUDICIARY — The former tourism minister Elena Udrea and the former chief of the anti-mafia prosecutor’s office (DIICOT) Alina Bica, will be detained for 2 months pending an extradition decision, said on Thursday the Interpol office in Costa Rica, where the 2 were apprehended. They had both filed asylum applications in that country. Elena Udrea has received a final 6-year prison sentence from the Supreme Court for bribe taking and abuse of office. The former head of the Directorate Investigating Organised Crime, Alina Bica, was in turn sentenced to 4 years in prison for aiding and abetting. Udrea and Bica are not the only former high-level officials that have fled the country to escape prison sentences for corruption offences. This is the case with the former mayor of Constanta, Radu Mazare, who is in Madagascar at present, and the former MP Sebastian Ghita, currently in Serbia.




    NOBEL — The Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege, who treated sex violence victims in his home country, and Nadia Murad, a Kurdish human rights activist having survived Islamic State sexual slavery, are the winners of this year’s Nobel Peace Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Committee explained that it has awarded the 2 “for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war”. Both had a crucial contribution to raising awareness with respect to this type of war crimes and in fighting them. The Nobel season ends this Monday with the award of the Economy Prize in Stockholm.




    EDUCATION – UNESCO estimates that 69 million teachers are still needed around the world, in order to reach the education targets set for the year 2030. The shortage of teaching staff particularly affects vulnerable categories, girls, children with disabilities, refugees and migrants, children from poor rural communities or isolated areas, the organisation warns on the International Education Day, celebrated on Friday in Romania as well. In her message, PM Viorica Dăncilă said education is a chance for individual development and the foundation of a strong, developed country, with a voice heard at international level, like Romania. In turn, President Klaus Iohannis emphasised that the education system must provide youth with the skills required in the labour market, including in terms of adjusting to the challenges of a digital society.




    FRIGATE — “King Ferdinand” frigate is, as of Friday, under the Allied Sea Command (MARCOM) and carries out sea traffic surveillance missions in the Mediterranean, as part of Operation Sea Guardian, the Romanian Defence Ministry announced. Operation Sea Guardian was launched following the NATO Summit in Warsaw in 2016, to discourage threats against NATO partners, the said source added. The 240-strong crew of “King Ferdinand” frigate will conduct missions in the Mediterranean, thus confirming Romania’s status as a security provider holding operational platforms deployable in various unstable regions in the world, where NATO military presence is required for security reasons. The frigate will conclude its missions in the Mediterranean in late October.




    GUAM — Chisinau hosted on Friday a meeting of the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development — GUAM heads of government. The organisation comprises the former Soviet republics of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and the Republic of Moldova. Participants discussed topics of mutual interest for the member states, with a view to improving cooperation between the 4 states. Moldovan PM Pavel Filip announced the initiation of talks regarding the setting up of a free trade area between the four states, of a common transport corridor and the prospect of removing roaming tariffs. The Moldovan official also emphasized the importance of cooperation in ensuring peace in the region. On the sidelines of the summit, the Moldovan PM Pavel Filip had meetings with his counterpart in Ukraine and Georgia, Volodimir Groisman and Mamuka Bakhtadze, and with the deputy PM of Azerbaijan, Ali Akhmedov. The Republic of Moldova this year is holding the rotating presidency of GUAM, an organisation created in 1997 as an alternative to the Community of Independent States.







  • October 5, 2018

    October 5, 2018

    REFERENDUM – Nearly 19 million Romanian voters are invited on Saturday and Sunday to vote on a proposed redefinition of the concept of family in the Constitution. The initiators aim to define “family as an institution based on the marriage of a man and a woman, rather than the marriage of spouses, as it is at present. The Parliament has passed a bill in this respect, based on a citizen initiative for which 3 million signatures have been raised. The referendum sparked fiery debates between the initiators, a Christian coalition primarily supported by the Romanian Orthodox Church, and the supporters of sexual minority rights. The Romanians living abroad may vote in 378 polls hosted by diplomatic missions, consular offices, cultural institutes and other locations. The largest number of polls abroad will be in Italy, Spain, the Republic of Moldova, the USA, UK, France and Germany. The referendum will be validated provided that at least 25% of the eligible voters cast valid votes.




    JUDICIARY – The former tourism minister Elena Udrea and the former chief of the anti-mafia prosecutors office (DIICOT) Alina Bica, will be detained for 2 months pending an extradition decision, said on Thursday the Interpol office in Costa Rica, where the 2 were apprehended. They had both filed asylum applications in that country. Elena Udrea has received a final 6-year prison sentence from the Supreme Court for bribe taking and abuse of office. The former head of the Directorate Investigating Organised Crime, Alina Bica, was in turn sentenced to 4 years in prison for aiding and abetting. Udrea and Bica are not the only former high-level officials that have fled the country to escape prison sentences for corruption offences. This is the case with the former mayor of Constanta, Radu Mazare, who is in Madagascar at present, and the former MP Sebastian Ghita, currently in Serbia.




    NOBEL – The Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege, who treated sex violence victims in his home country, and Nadia Murad, a Kurdish human rights activist having survived Islamic State sexual slavery, are the winners of this years Nobel Peace Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Committee explained that it has awarded the 2 “for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war. Both had a crucial contribution to raising awareness with respect to this type of war crimes and in fighting them. The Nobel season ends this Monday with the award of the Economy Prize in Stockholm.




    EDUCATION – UNESCO estimates that 69 million teachers are still needed around the world, in order to reach the education targets set for the year 2030. The shortage of teaching staff particularly affects vulnerable categories, girls, children with disabilities, refugees and migrants, children from poor rural communities or isolated areas, the organisation warns on the International Education Day, celebrated today in Romania as well. In her message, PM Viorica Dăncilă said education is a chance for individual development and the foundation of a strong, developed country, with a voice heard at international level, like Romania. In turn, President Klaus Iohannis emphasised that the education system must provide youth with the skills required in the labour market, including in terms of adjusting to the challenges of a digital society.




    FRIGATE – “King Ferdinand frigate is, as of Friday, under the Allied Sea Command (MARCOM) and carries out sea traffic surveillance missions in the Mediterranean, as part of Operation Sea Guardian, the Romanian Defence Ministry announced. Operation Sea Guardian was launched following the NATO Summit in Warsaw in 2016, to discourage threats against NATO partners, the said source added. The 240-strong crew of “King Ferdinand frigate will conduct missions in the Mediterranean, thus confirming Romanias status as a security provider holding operational platforms deployable in various unstable regions in the world, where NATO military presence is required for security reasons. The frigate will conclude its missions in the Mediterranean in late October.




    GUAM – Chisinau is hosting today a meeting of the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development – GUAM heads of government. The organisation comprises the former Soviet republics of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and the Republic of Moldova. Participants will discuss topics of mutual interest for the member states, with a view to improving cooperation between the 4 states, and will sign a cooperation protocol in the field of customs, Chisinau announced. On the sidelines of the summit, the Moldovan PM Pavel Filip will have meetings with his counterpart in Ukraine and Georgia, Volodimir Groisman and Mamuka Bakhtadze, and with the deputy PM of Azerbaijan, Ali Akhmedov. The Republic of Moldova this year is holding the rotating presidency of GUAM, an organisation created in 1997 as an alternative to the Community of Independent States.


    (translated by: Ana-Maria Popescu)

  • The Crisis of 1927

    The Crisis of 1927

    Throughout the course of history, the moments of crisis have never managed to predict accurately enough the true proportions of the events that would follow. In the first half of the 20th century, the decline of democracy had been announced through signals that people often overlooked, in the hope that things would go back to normal. Before the start of WW2, there had been several clues as to who the enemies of democracy were. In Romania, democracy was clearly at risk in February 1938 when King Carol II banned all political parties, drew up a new constitution and instated his own dictatorial regime.



    However, the political situation in 1938 could have been anticipated long before. The crisis of Romanian democracy had started ever since 1927, a crucial year in the country’s political history. The year 1927 was marked by the death of two outstanding personalities of that time: King Ferdinand and the visionary Liberal politician Ion I. C. Bratianu. They had both contributed a great deal to the creation of Greater Romania. The inter-war Romania never really managed to absorb the shock of losing those two men, which accelerated the degradation of the monarchy’s image and marked the start of a difficult period for the Liberal Party. Moreover, in 1927 the Romanian political class and society were faced with the issue of finding a successor to Ferdinand I, given that his heir, Mihai, was only 5 years old. Florin Muller, a professor of Romanian contemporary history with the Bucharest University tells us how King Ferdinand’s death impacted monarchy in Romania.



    Florin Muller: “The death of King Ferdinand I impacted Romanian history for a long period and reopened what was believed to be ‘a closed subject’, namely the act of January 4th 1926, when Carol II, King Ferdinand’s son, had given up his rights as heir to the throne. King Ferdinand’s death showed that the problem of his successor was still one to be solved. The regency was only a temporary structure, a mock monarchy, unable to fill in the institutional gap. King Ferdinand did not have the authoritarian leadership style of Bratianu or of his son, Carol II. But he gave monarchy the appearance of a solid and stabile institution. Ferdinand’s rule did not have any of the authoritarian accents that defined the reign of his son Carol II. We could also mention the authoritarian inclinations of Queen Marie, King Ferdinand’s wife, but they were not strong enough to be relevant for his rule. King Ferdinand strengthened the idea of monarchy, which was more of an institution of representation rather than one of real power.”



    The National Liberal Party was unable to recover after Ion Bratianu’s death, as they could not find a replacement of equal value. No one else seemed able to lead the party the way Bratianu did, says Florin Muller:


    “Ion I.C.Bratianu was the driver and promoter of the liberal type of democracy. He only allowed limited democracy, within the boundaries accepted by the Liberal Party, in the sense that reforms had to be carried out at a higher level. The executive power decided on the legislative power. An essential characteristic of the Romanian political life in the 1920s, whose effects would continue to be felt in the following years, was Bratianu’s hyper-personalization. Ion I.C.Bratianu was highly influential and the Liberal leaders themselves had a great power that exceeded the limits of a democratic system. Bratianu’s personality prevented the emergence of a genuine Liberal political elite. Among the Liberal leaders that succeeded Ion I.C. Bratianu were I.G. Duca and his brother Vintila Bratianu, but there was no comparison between them. Duca seemed closer to Ion Bratianu’s style, but that was not the case with other Liberal politicians.”



    The National Peasant Party, set up in 1926 in opposition to the Liberals, took advantage of the crisis within the Liberal Party to become the party in power in 1928. But this party was unable to temper the authoritarian tendencies of the future King Carol II.



    Florin Muller: “The political and ideological stake of the National Peasant Party was a genuine one, in the sense that this party’s members were raising awareness as to the oligarchic power of the National Liberal Party by using many arguments. But the National Peasant Party came with a leftist pseudo-revolutionary rhetoric, which did not quite meet Romanian society’s long term expectations. Assuming that these pseudo-revolutionary accents were annihilated by Iuliu Maniu, the Peasant Party also had to deal with the idea of restoration, of bringing Prince Carol back to the country and proclaiming him a king. A new power pole was formed alongside the Peasant Party that came to power in 1928, which in fact sabotaged the party. It’s interesting to note that the Peasant Party and Maniu himself had an ambiguous stand towards restoration. Maniu, unlike Duca and the Liberals favored a revision of the act of January 4, 1926. But the Peasant Party wanted the revision to be made within the democratic confines, with the future king pledging to respect democracy. Carol, however, had never given assurances in this respect, not to mention putting into practice what Maniu wanted, which was observing the constitutional principles.”



    Starting 1927, another important player on Romania’s political scene was the Legion of the Archangel Michael, a fascist movement. Having the ambition to transform society, the legionnaires wanted to free society from the evil of capitalism. 1927 was the year when the once calm manner of doing politics was replaced by a more aggressive manner, and radicalism became the defining term of political rhetoric.

  • January 31, 2017

    January 31, 2017

    BUDGET — Romanias Higher Defense Council was called into session by President Klaus Iohannis to analyze the draft budget for national security institutions for 2017. The head of state pointed out that the new governments plan to slash national security funding is a grievous error, affecting the safety of citizens. The PM said that the executive has supporting arguments for the budget as it stands. Right after the councils meeting, the government is set to meet in order to pass the budget, while the leadership of the two chambers of Parliament will schedule a meeting to set the calendar for debate. This is the first Higher Defense Council meeting under the Grindeanu cabinet.



    CORRUPTION — The highest court in Bucharest could issue today a sentence in the prosecution of former Liberal MP Ludovic Orban, who is accused of demanding money from a businessman to finance his campaign, run last summer. The National Anti-Corruption Directorate is seeking a jail sentence, claiming Orban used his political position to obtain campaign funding. The politician said he was innocent, and filed for a dismissal. Magistrates with the High Court of Cassation and Justice have delayed the first court hearing in the case of Social Democratic Party chairman Liviu Dragnea, who stands accused of conspiracy to commit abuse of office. Prosecutors claim that Dragnea ordered two members of his party to be hired in state jobs with the office of social protection in his home county of Teleorman. Last year, Dragnea was given a suspended sentence, two years in prison, for attempting to rig the 2012 referendum to depose then president Traian Basescu.



    NAVY — Romanian frigate the King Ferdinand heads maneuvers in the east of the Black Sea, attended on Wednesday by over 2,800 seamen from NATO member countries. The exercise Sea Shield is the first of 50 large scale navy exercises planned by NATO this year. Attending the exercise are 16 ships, one submarine, and 10 Romanian and allied aircraft. Vice Admiral Clive Johnstone, head of the Allied Maritime Command, will be attending the maneuvers in Constanta, the largest Romanian port on the Black Sea. At the same time, it was announced in London that one of the most important Royal Navy ships will have its first operating mission in the Black Sea since the Cold War. Allied maneuvers in the Black Sea take place almost three years since Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula.



    ECONOMY — In January, confidence in the Eurozone reached its highest level in the last six years, as announced by the European Commission, according to Bloomberg. The index indicating consumer and business confidence went up from 107.8 to 108.2 in December, more than anticipated by Bloomberg expert estimates. The report states that confidence in industry and services went up in January, while confidence in retail and construction went down. This increase in economic confidence is added to further data suggesting that the Eurozone economy has accelerated in the last months of 2016. Many economists estimate that the Eurozone economy had in the fourth quarter a growth 0.5% higher than the same quarter the previous year, with a 0.3% higher growth in the third quarter.



    TAXES — The newest provisions introduced into the Fiscal Code come into effect on February 1st in Romania. They were put into law by emergency executive order. They eliminate 102 charges and fees, the most well known being the radio and television fee and the tax on registering automobiles. Also in February, Romanians earning the minimum wage, almost 1.6 million citizens, will get increased salaries. Local public authority employees will get a 20% raise. A number of further measures come into effect on 1 February, such as eliminating the ceiling for social and health contributions and taxation for real estate deals worth under 100,000 Euro.


    (Translated by Calin Cotoiu)



  • August 27, 2016

    August 27, 2016

    ITALY QUAKE – A day of national mourning has begun in Italy for those over 290 people who died when a powerful earthquake hit the country’s mountainous central regions. Country officlas will attend state funerals in the regional capital, Ascoli Piceno, for 50 of the victims from the town of Arquata. No survivors have been found since Thursday. Italian authorities say they will continue to search until they are certain everyone is accounted for. Over 1,000 aftershocks have been reported and many of the buildings still standing risk collapsing, which makes rescue operations even more difficult. Most victims were Italian, but several foreigners were among those killed, including 10 Romanians. Also, 16 Romanians are reported missing. A consular team from Bucharest travels today to the affected areas to support the Romanian diplomatic missions in Rome and Bologna, the Romanian Foreign Ministry announced.




    GOVERNMENT – Romanian Prime Minister Dacian Ciolos has met today in Suceava, north-eastern Romania, with his Polish counterpart, Beata Szydlo. After the meeting, PM Ciolos has said that the relations between Romania and Poland are very intense and that there are excellent premises for them to be strengthened. The two officials tackled bilateral ties in the context of the Strategic Partnership between the two countries, and also topics on the European agenda, such as Brexit’s impact on the EU, the EU budget and the revision of the Multiannual Financial Framework. Also approached was cooperation in the field of defense and the developments at the EU’s eastern border. The two officials will also have a meeting with representatives of the Polish community in Romania.




    MOLDOVA – Romania reaffirms its full support for Moldova’s bid for the European Union and the process of democratic reforms and modernisation of the state, in keeping with the expectations of the neighbouring country, the Romanian Foreign Ministry said in a release on Saturday. Chisinau marks today 25 years since gaining its independence. Ceremonies devoted to this event will be more modest than in previous years, due to the economic crisis the country is going through. On August 27, 1991 the Republic of Moldova proclaimed its independence from the USSR. Romania was the first country to recognise Moldova’s independence.




    CELEBRATION – Romania marks today one hundred years since the country entered WWI. At the end of this war, on December 1st, 1918, the process of setting up the Romanian unitary nation state was finalized, following the union of all Romanian provinces with a majority Romanian-speaking population previously included in the neighbouring multinational empires. On August 27, 1916, Romania declared war on Austro-Hungary and the army crossed the Carpathians to Transylvania, which at the time was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Over 330 thousand soldiers died in this war and as many as 76 thousand were crippled. Ceremonies devoted to this day are held in Fundata, in central Romania, where the first Romanian officer was killed, but also in Curtea de Arges, at the tomb of King Ferdinand. On this occasion, the Romanian Royal House conveyed a message that reiterates the role that King Ferdinand played in Romania’s participation in WWI and the setting up the Romanian unitary nation state.




    TENNIS – The Romanian-Indian team made up of Monica Niculescu and Sania Mirza, WTA’s seed no. 2 in women’s doubles, defeated on Friday night the Slovenian team Andreja Klepac and Katarina Srebotnik in the semi-finals of the tennis tournament in New Haven, the US, with 695,900 dollars in prize money. In the final, Niculescu and Mirza will be up against Katerina Bondarenko of Ukraine and Chia-Jung Chuang of Taiwan. The US Open, the last grand slam of the year, kicks off on Monday. Niculescu, seed no. 57, will play against the Czech Barbora Strycova, seed no. 19. In the first round of the competition, Romanian Simona Halep, no. 5 in the world, will play against Belgian Kirsten Flipkens WTA’s 68th seed, while another Romanian, Irina Begu , seeded 22nd, will be up against Ukrainian Lesia Tsurenko, seed no. 80. In the same competition, Romanian Patricia Maria Tig, seed no. 129 will be up against Laura Siegemund of Germany, while Ana Bogdan, seed no. 117, will play in the first round against another Romanian, Sorana Cirstea, WTA’s 88th seed.



    (Translated by Elena Enache)