Radio România Internațional

Tag: Prime Minister Viorica Dancila

  • April 5, 2019 UPDATE

    April 5, 2019 UPDATE

    PRESIDENCY – President Klaus Iohannis has
    condemned the latest anti-Semitic gestures and actions and called on the relevant authorities to take firm action to sanction
    them. In a press release the presidency recalls Romania stands out as a
    regional successful model in terms of preserving the memory of the Holocaust,
    owning to the past, combating anti-Semitism, negationism, xenophobia, hatred,
    racism, populism and discouraging hate speech. Prior to this statement, Israeli
    President Reuven Rivlin condemned the vandalization of some 70 tombs in the
    Jewish Cemetery in Husi, northeastern Romania, one of the most serious such
    anti-Semitic offences this year. The Israeli official recalled that Bucharest
    auhtorities are taking measures to coutneract anti-Semitism and xenophobia.
    Meanwhile, the Israeli media has quoted the president of the Federation of
    Jewish communities in Romania, Aurel Vainer, who said such anti-Semitic events
    are unacceptable and are affecting democracy in Romania. The US Embassy in
    Bucharest has in turn unequivocally condemned the act of violence in Husi,
    claiming this is not just an attack on the Jewish community, but on the
    diversity of the entire Romanian society.






    REFERENDUM – Also on Friday President Iohannis has called a round of consultations
    with political parties on April 11 and 12 over the referendum on the judiciary.
    On Thrsday, the President announced that the themes which he would submit to
    the vote at the May 26 referendum, held simultaneously with the European
    Parliament elections, are related to forbidding amnesty and pardon of
    corruption crimes and forbidding the government to pass emergency decrees
    related to criminal offences and punishments, correlated with the right of
    other authorities to notify the Constitutional Court over such decrees.






    VISIT – Two-way trade between Romania
    and Slovakia has for the first time exceeded 3 billion euros at the end of
    2018, Prime Minister Viorica Dancila said Friday after meeting with Slovakian
    Prime Minister Peter Pellegrini. Talks focused on developing bilateral
    cooperation in various fields such as education, energy, culture, home affairs,
    public administration, tourism, environment, healthcare and agriculture. In
    turn, Prime Minister Pellegrini expressed hope that bilateral economic and
    political relations would intensify. The two officials met in Banska Bystrica,
    where the Romanian official paid a floral tribute in the National Insurrection
    Square. Viorica Dancila then travelled to the city of Zvolen for a visit to the
    local military cemetery where the remains of 10 thousand Romanian soldiers, who
    fought for the liberation of Czechoslovakia in WWll, are buried.






    B9 INITIATIVE – Romania’s Defense Minister Gabriel Les was
    in Warsaw to attend a meeting of Defense Ministers from countries, which are
    members of the Bucharest 9 Initiative. The meeting, staged jointly by linr
    ministries from Poland and Romania, was attended by Defense Ministers from
    Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania,
    Slovakia and Hungary as well as by NATO officials and representatives of the US
    Department of Defense. According to the Romanian Defense Ministry, the meeting
    in Warsaw tackled the contribution of B9 states to strengthening NATO deterrence
    and defense, with a focus on the coherent implementation and full
    operationalization of the Advanced Allied Presence on the Eastern Flank. On the
    sidelines of the meeting, Les met with his Polish counterpart, Mariusz
    Błaszczak, stressing the major
    role of the two countries as promoters of the B9 Initiative, in establishing a
    unified position of NATO’s Eastern Allies that should be promoted on NATO’s
    common agenda. In another development, Minister Les met with Romanian military
    from the Blue Scorpions Anti-Air Defense Unit deployed in Poland as part of
    NATO’s Combat Group.




    DRILL – Over April 5-13 the Romanian
    navy is staging the biggest international drill in Romania’s territorial waters
    and in the international waters of the Black Sea. 14 Romanian warships and six
    from Bulgaria, Canada, Greece, the Netherlands and Turkey are taking part in
    the drill during which over 2000 servicemen will be training to respond to attacks
    coming from under the sea, air or surface. The drill’s scenario implies a
    coordinated crisis response carried out under a UN Security Council resolution.
    The aforementioned drill also involves the participation of the NATO Permanent
    Black Sea Force.




    DISTINCTION- The Royal House of Britain on
    Friday decorated Romanian Florin Morariu for the courage he displayed during
    the terrorist attack of June 2017, which killed 8 people and wounded 48.
    Morariu is the first Romanian to receive the Queen’s Commendation for Bravery. At
    the time of the attack Florin Morariu worked in a bakery close to the bridge in
    London and helped a few people to take shelter and stood up to the attackers.


    (Translated
    by V. Palcu)



  • Frans Timmermans pleads for the rule of law in Romania

    Frans Timmermans pleads for the rule of law in Romania

    The Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dancila and the First Vice-President of the European Commission Frans Timmermans met in Bucharest on Monday and are also to pay a visit to Brussels next week. The big number of such meetings is imposed by Romania’s holding the rotating presidency of the Council of the EU. On Monday, for instance, Frans Timmermans approached a sensitive issue for the Romanian authorities, namely the state of democracy and the rule of law.



    The changes brought to the justice laws, first by Parliament and then by means of an emergency decree, are questionable to say the least, and that has placed Romania’s partners in a state of alert. After the publication, last fall, of a report unfavorable to Romania, under the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism (CVM) on justice, Frans Timmermans now says that there’s been no progress, only a refusal by the Romanian Government to consider the Commission’s document.



    The EC official hopes that experts on both sides will find quick solutions for the implementation of the recommendations made part of the CVM. “We want to make sure”, Timmermans said, “that we can make progress on the rule of law in Romania, we want to make sure that the fight against corruption isn’t abandoned, that we continue this fight, because it’s very, very important for the future of this country.”



    Next week, Viorica Dancila and Frans Timmermans will have a new meeting, to discuss the topic. Actually, each contact that the First Vice-President of the EC and candidate to the office of EC president has with Romanians turns into a plea for the rule of law. On Monday, Frans Timmermans was awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), and during his speech, he resumed his favorite topic. He admitted that he could not have imagined, three decades ago, that Romania would become a member of the EU in 2007. However, the privileges of integration come with responsibilities too, Timmermans pointed out, and one of them is to overcome the CVM phase.



    “Our society and our institutions are based on democracy, the rule of law and respect for fundamental human rights, none of which can be instrumentalised against each other”, Timmermans said. According to the EC official, it’s quite risky to believe that victory in elections gives a majority the right to increase control over the judiciary or the press. “(…) When the rule of law is threatened and press freedom is affected, almost automatically corruption increases”, Timmermans warned. That is why the European Commission has proposed that there should be a link between granting European funds and the member states respecting the rule of law, the First Vice-President of the European Commission explained.


  • December 10-14, 2018

    December 10-14, 2018


    Three weeks ahead of taking over the presidency of the Council of the EU, PM Viorica Dancila presented in Parliament a list of priorities that the Romanian executive will have in this office. Among them are connectivity, digitizing the European industry, domestic security within the EU, and cyber security. During its six months leading the Council, Romania will militate for a strong and united Europe, with an emphasis on economic, social, and political cohesion, according to the prime minister:



    “Each minister has a detailed agenda on its responsibilities and aims during the presidency, and I assure you that Romania will in no way be a lesser leader than other member states. I stand before you today with the same vision for Europe, a united and better Europe. The motto of Romanias presidency is Cohesion as a European Value.



    The Prime Minister added that she would act towards reducing development gaps, towards equal access to benefits, removing factors that separate member states or generate hierarchies, pleading for overcoming attitudes that divide newer and older member states, or the East from the West. Decisions on the future of European policies have to reflect the Unions financing policies, and the Romanian presidency of the EU Council will contribute to the drafting of the next multiannual financial framework, in order to provide a balance between growth policies and convergence within the community space, the Romanian official stated. One of the greatest challenges facing the Romanian term in office will be migration. This is an extremely difficult matter, which has been dividing the member countries. A reason for which, according to PM Dancila, Romania is seeking effective and sustainable management solutions. The future Romanian presidency of the Council of the EU is also interested in consolidating the strategic partnership between the EU and the North Atlantic Alliance and in enlarging the Union towards the western Balkans, an enlargement which would provide additional security, both internally and externally.



    Gathered in a joint session, the Romanian Senate and Chamber of Deputies have adopted a declaration, expressing their availability to collaborate with the Government on all matters and initiatives proposed during Romanias term at the helm of the Council of the EU, the first such term since Romanias joining the EU in 2007. Also, according to the Romanian Parliament, Romanias presidency will focus on the idea of a stronger Union, closer to its citizens. Attending the European Council in Brussels, Romanias president Klaus Iohannis stated:



    “We are ready. There is always room for improvement, but I would like to tell you with all sincerity that, after all the blunders that occurred, which I pointed out at the time, preparations are in an advanced stage. Things are moving, and I think this is good news for Romanians, but mostly for our European partners, even though we may have difficulties in some areas. We are fairly well prepared for the presidency, and we will carry through.”



    In expectation of the moment, President Iohannis has had meetings with European leaders, such as the President of the European Council, Donald Tusk, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the Finnish PM Juha Sipila, whose country will take over the EU Council presidency from Romania. Files such as Brexit, the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework or migration will be managed by Bucharest in the first six months of the year 2019. Also, the elections for the European Parliament will be organized during Romanias term, in May next year. Until then, Romania continues to take over European offices. This week its been the presidency of the General Affairs Council, at the end of the European Affairs Ministers meeting in Brussels. The Romanian Minister Delegate for European Affairs, George Ciamba, said in his speech, held at the meeting, that he appreciated the efforts made by the Austrian presidency, stressing that Romania was ready to maintain the same alert pace of discussions, aimed to lead to significant progress during its term.



    In another development, the Romanian Foreign Ministry has hailed the adoption, by the European Parliament, of a resolution requesting the immediate accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the Shengen area.




  • October 18, 2018 UPDATE

    October 18, 2018 UPDATE

    EU COUNCIL MEETING – Romania’s
    president Klaus Iohannis on Friday is attending the 12th Asia-Europe
    Summit in Brussels. On Wednesday and Thursday, President Iohannis attended the
    European Council meeting. Talks focused on migration, security and the future
    of the Eurozone. According to Radio Romania’s correspondent, EU leaders agreed
    on a set of measures to prevent cyber-attacks and protect EU citizens against
    aggressions of any type. With respect to migration, EU leaders highlighted the
    need to cooperate with transit countries and set clear objectives for Eastern
    Mediterranean, so as to put a stop to the flow of migrants. In his address, the
    president said that preventing and combating radicalization and terrorism
    should remain top concerns for Member States.

    OMBUDSMAN – The Ombudsman on Thursday demanded additional
    information from the Government and the Justice Ministry over the notifications
    regarding the Government emergency decree on the justice laws, filed by the Prosecutor
    General’s Office, the Save Romania Union and National Liberal Party in
    opposition, who claim that several points in the decree go against the
    Constitution. The Ombudsman was requested to challenge the decree at the
    Constitutional Court. The emergency decree stipulates, among other things, that
    prosecutors with the Prosecutor General’s Office, the National Anticorruption
    Directorate and the Directorate for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorism
    should have a seniority of at least 10 years. Prosecutor General Augustin Lazar
    said the new regulations could result in numerous irregularities in the system,
    while Justice Minister Tudorel Toader said the decree only transposes the
    points of view of the European Commission, the Venice Commission and the
    Superior Council of Magistracy.




    VISIT – Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dancila on
    Thursday continued her visit to the Arab Emirates. The Romanian official had
    talks with Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, State Minister for Economic Affairs and
    Trade, the chairman of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. Talks focused on new
    ways of consolidating bilateral relations in terms of economic cooperation and investment.
    On Wednesday, the heads of government in Bucharest and Abu Dhabi adopted a
    joint declaration on the establishment of a strategic economic partnership
    between the governments of Romania and the United Arab Emirates. The document
    underlines the important regional role played by the latter and Romania’s
    membership of the EU, which provides significant opportunities of bilateral
    cooperation in priority sectors for Bucharest, such as trade, investments,
    industry, agriculture, the financial and banking sector, energy, transport and
    infrastructure, the IT sector, education, culture, research and innovation and
    tourism. The declaration also highlights the important role of the Romanian and
    Emirati communities in the respective countries in the economic, social and
    cultural development of the two states. Also on Wednesday, the Romanian prime
    minister visited the Sheikh ZayedMosque,
    after on Tuesday she travelled to Dubai for talks with the ruler of Dubai    , Sheikh Mohammed
    Bin Rashid    AlMaktoum,
    whom she presented with the most recent investment opportunities in Romania.
    Viorica Dancila will next travel to Kuwait, the last leg of a tour that also
    took her to Turkey. She said the purpose of these official visits is to promote
    economic relations.




    AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS – A delegation of the European Commission
    will carry out an audit in Braila, southeastern Romania, until October 25, to
    see if the authorities have taken the appropriate steps in combating the
    African swine fever, the virus that led to over 200,000 pigs being culled in
    this county. A report will be made public compiling their conclusions on the
    European Commission website. The audit
    follows as Romania has been taking part, since 2015, in a multiannual European
    programme designed to combat the African swine fever, 75% of which is funded by
    the EU. Bucharest pledged to spend the money, along with its own contribution,
    to prevent the spread of this disease. The number of outbreaks has reached
    1,021 in 260 towns in villages in 14 counties, the National Veterinary and Food
    Safety Authority announced on Thursday. According to centralized data, some 107
    boars were reported as infected, while the total number of pigs culled so far
    stands at 350,000.




    REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT – Romania has managed to recover 220 million
    euros accounting for around a quarter of the European funds allocated under the
    Regional Operational Programme, the European Commissioner for Regional Policy
    Corina Cretu told Radio Romania. Thus, some of the 800 million euros available under
    this programme and which Romania was no longer able to spend by the end of the
    year due to a lack of applications, have been redirected to the development of
    small and medium sized enterprises and to purchasing medical equipment and
    ambulances for all counties in Romania. In another development Commissioner
    Cretu attended the 7th edition of the Annual Forum of the EU
    Strategy on the Danube Region (EUSDR), hosted by Sofia. The EU official said
    the Danube Delta boasts huge potential with tourism bringing great economic
    benefits to the entire region. On November 1 Romania will take over the
    presidency of the EUSDR for a year.




    TENNIS – Romanian and world no. one in
    women’s tennis Simona Halep has withdrawn from the WTA Finals held in Singapore
    between the 21st and the 28th of October and which brings
    together the world’s best eight players in 2018. Halep was recently diagnosed
    with a herniated disk injury which also forced her to forfeit the Moscow
    tournament and withdraw in the first round in Beijing. Halep, who won the
    French Open this year, ends the year in the top position regardless of the
    result in Singapore. Playing in the WTA Finals are Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark, Angelique Kerber of Germany, Naomi Osaka
    of Japan, Karolina Pliskova of the Czech Republic, Elina Svitolina of Ukraine, Petra
    Kvitova of the Czech Republic, Sloane Stephens of the United States and Kiki
    Bertens of The Netherlands.


    (Translated by C.
    Mateescu & V. Palcu)

  • Political Tension and European Preparations

    Political Tension and European Preparations


    A member of the EU since 2007, Romania is now getting ready for its first term at the helm of the presidency of the Council of the European Union, in the first half of 2019. Romania would like this role to be a successful one, that is why the Prime Minister Viorica Dancila has made an appeal to unity towards that end. On Wednesday, she presented in plenary session of the Romanian Parliament the stage of preparations and the main topics that Romania is keen on tackling.



    There are several major goals that Romania has set, including ensuring fair and sustainable development for all the member states, by means of cohesion, innovation and digitization projects, maintaining a safe Europe, strengthening the EUs global role and defending common European values. All projects will be centered on the EU citizens, Viorica Dancila said.



    The Romanian official also talked about the background against which Romanias term will be unfolding:


    “This mandate must take into consideration the current large-scale projects that will shape the European Union, including a reflection on the future of the EU and Brexit, the transition towards a new legislative cycle following the European elections and implicitly the end of the European Commissions and the European Parliaments terms.



    The Romanian Prime Minister also addressed the need to ensure the security of the EUs external borders:


    “The major topics on our agenda will include the implementation of the Shenghen evaluation mechanism, of the IT systems developed at EU level and their interoperability. We will try and explore new means of approaching these topics, that is why a coherent and unitary management of migration flows will remain a major one.”



    While a successful presidency of the Council of the EU is a goal shared by all Romanians, domestically the level of discontent has been growing. The opposition has filed a no-confidence motion against the left wing government formed by the Social Democratic Party and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats. The initiators of this motion – MPs of the National Liberal Party, the Save Romania Union and Peoples Movement Party – say that the government, with the measures it has implemented, has destroyed the economy and the justice system.



    Thousands of people have taken to the streets in the capital and other towns and cities across the country to protest the changes brought to the Criminal Codes, which, they say are risky and might hamper the fight against corruption. These changes have also triggered reactions in Brussels. EU officials have stated they will analyze them carefully.


    (translated by Mihaela Ignatescu)


  • May 17, 2017 UPDATE

    May 17, 2017 UPDATE


    SUMMIT – Romanias partnerships with the EU and the US are equally important and choosing between them has never been an option, said Romanias President Klaus Iohannis in Sofia, where he attended the EU – Western Balkans summit. One of the topics discussed in the first session of the summit was connectivity in infrastructure, energy and digital networks and the Romanian head of state stressed that macro-regional strategies in these fields must be given additional support. In the second session, focusing on common challenges, Klaus Iohannis said that the EU and the Western Balkans are in a relation of interdependence, given their geographic proximity, and therefore boosting cooperation remains a top objective, with a view to protecting national security and regional stability. At the end of the summit, the EU heads of state adopted a declaration which explicitly reiterates the support for the regions European prospects.



    DIPLOMACY – The Romanian Foreign Ministry took note of the Ramallah authorities decision to call for consultations the Palestinian Ambassador to Bucharest and issued a communiqué stressing the need to avoid any action that might jeopardize the peace process. According to the Ministry, a strong political dialogue is needed more than ever, supported also by means of strong diplomatic cooperation, with a view to ensuring a constructive stand on the Israeli-Palestinian issue. Also, the Foreign Ministry reiterates Romanias support for the solution of two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security. On Wednesday, the Ambassador of Palestine to Romania Fuad Kokaly was urgently called to Ramallah for consultations, given that Romania is one of the countries that have blocked the EU declaration regarding the relocation of the member states diplomatic missions from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.



    VISIT – On Thursday, the Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dancila had talks in Bucharest with the European Commissioner for Single Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Elżbieta Bieńkowska. The main topic on the agenda of talks was the future budget of the EU, which, according to the Romanian Prime Minister, should support efforts to bridge the gaps between the member states. In turn, the European Commissioner appreciated Romanias economic development and said that the future budget should earmark more for cooperation between the member countries defense industries. In another development, also on Thursday, Prime Minister Dancila met with the Israeli Tourism Minister Yariv Levin. The two officials discussed the growing cooperation between Romania and Israel in the tourism sector, and the development of a joint tourism programme.



    NOTIFICATION – The leader of the opposition National Liberal Party Ludovic Orban has announced he has filed a notification with the Prosecutors Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice in Bucharest concerning the Prime Minister Viorica Dancila and the leader of the ruling Social Democratic Party Liviu Dragnea, who is also the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies. According to Orban, the notification is about the memorandum recently adopted by the Romanian Government on the relocation of the Romanian Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Orban accuses the two officials of high treason and usurpation of public office. Dragnea has stated that Orbans move was a coup attempt.



    AIR QUALITY – On Thursday, the European Commission referred Romania to the Court of Justice of the EU, alongside another five countries, for failing to respect agreed air quality provisions. The Commission has sanctioned France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary and Romania “for failing to respect agreed air quality limit values and for failing to take appropriate measures to keep exceedance periods as short as possible”. France, Germany and Great Britain will be referred to the Court of Justice for failure to respect limit values for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Hungary, Italy and Romania are referred to the Court over persistently high level of particulate matter.



    TENNIS – The Romanian tennis player Simona Halep, number one in the world, has qualified to the quarter finals of the WTA tournament in Rome, with 2.7 million Euro in prize money, after the American player Madison Keys, ranking 14th in the WTA classification, withdrew due to an accident. In another move, Haleps main adversary Garbine Muguruza, number three in the world, was eliminated in the second round by the Australian Daria Gavrilova.




  • May 17, 2017 UPDATE

    May 17, 2017 UPDATE


    SUMMIT – Romanias partnerships with the EU and the US are equally important and choosing between them has never been an option, said Romanias President Klaus Iohannis in Sofia, where he attended the EU – Western Balkans summit. One of the topics discussed in the first session of the summit was connectivity in infrastructure, energy and digital networks and the Romanian head of state stressed that macro-regional strategies in these fields must be given additional support. In the second session, focusing on common challenges, Klaus Iohannis said that the EU and the Western Balkans are in a relation of interdependence, given their geographic proximity, and therefore boosting cooperation remains a top objective, with a view to protecting national security and regional stability. At the end of the summit, the EU heads of state adopted a declaration which explicitly reiterates the support for the regions European prospects.



    DIPLOMACY – The Romanian Foreign Ministry took note of the Ramallah authorities decision to call for consultations the Palestinian Ambassador to Bucharest and issued a communiqué stressing the need to avoid any action that might jeopardize the peace process. According to the Ministry, a strong political dialogue is needed more than ever, supported also by means of strong diplomatic cooperation, with a view to ensuring a constructive stand on the Israeli-Palestinian issue. Also, the Foreign Ministry reiterates Romanias support for the solution of two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security. On Wednesday, the Ambassador of Palestine to Romania Fuad Kokaly was urgently called to Ramallah for consultations, given that Romania is one of the countries that have blocked the EU declaration regarding the relocation of the member states diplomatic missions from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.



    VISIT – On Thursday, the Romanian Prime Minister Viorica Dancila had talks in Bucharest with the European Commissioner for Single Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Elżbieta Bieńkowska. The main topic on the agenda of talks was the future budget of the EU, which, according to the Romanian Prime Minister, should support efforts to bridge the gaps between the member states. In turn, the European Commissioner appreciated Romanias economic development and said that the future budget should earmark more for cooperation between the member countries defense industries. In another development, also on Thursday, Prime Minister Dancila met with the Israeli Tourism Minister Yariv Levin. The two officials discussed the growing cooperation between Romania and Israel in the tourism sector, and the development of a joint tourism programme.



    NOTIFICATION – The leader of the opposition National Liberal Party Ludovic Orban has announced he has filed a notification with the Prosecutors Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice in Bucharest concerning the Prime Minister Viorica Dancila and the leader of the ruling Social Democratic Party Liviu Dragnea, who is also the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies. According to Orban, the notification is about the memorandum recently adopted by the Romanian Government on the relocation of the Romanian Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Orban accuses the two officials of high treason and usurpation of public office. Dragnea has stated that Orbans move was a coup attempt.



    AIR QUALITY – On Thursday, the European Commission referred Romania to the Court of Justice of the EU, alongside another five countries, for failing to respect agreed air quality provisions. The Commission has sanctioned France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary and Romania “for failing to respect agreed air quality limit values and for failing to take appropriate measures to keep exceedance periods as short as possible”. France, Germany and Great Britain will be referred to the Court of Justice for failure to respect limit values for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Hungary, Italy and Romania are referred to the Court over persistently high level of particulate matter.



    TENNIS – The Romanian tennis player Simona Halep, number one in the world, has qualified to the quarter finals of the WTA tournament in Rome, with 2.7 million Euro in prize money, after the American player Madison Keys, ranking 14th in the WTA classification, withdrew due to an accident. In another move, Haleps main adversary Garbine Muguruza, number three in the world, was eliminated in the second round by the Australian Daria Gavrilova.