Tag: town

  • Photographer Franz Xaver Koroschetz

    Photographer Franz Xaver Koroschetz

    Romanian towns had their photographers. One such photographer was Franz Xaver Koroschtz. He was the photographer of the town of Focsani, the county seat of Vrancea, a county lying on the Carpathians’ Curvature. An Austrian-Hungarian citizen, in 1895 Koroschetz settled in Romania, in Focsani. From 1899 to 1934, the year of his death, he took pictures of the town.

    Documents about this photographer, unfortunately, are scarce, while the year and his place of birth are not mentioned in those documents. Koroschetz was the photographer of the local elite and of the middle class of Vrancea. The pictures were taken in his studio, located in the city centre of Focsani.
    Journalist and collector Sorin Tudose was born in Focsani.

    He is the author of an illustrated album dedicated to Franz Koroschetz, to commemorate 90 years since the death of the artist photographer.
    As part of the public event occasioned by the launch of the album, Sorin Tudose made mention of a personal discovery.

    ”I made a stunning discovery at the Romanian Academy, specifically, I discovered the most luxurious photographic product Franz Koroschetz ever made in his 35-year-long career. The story goes like this: in 1904, the royal family took a train trip on the Sinaia-Iași route, with stopovers in the main railway stations along the route and where, of course, the event was immortalized.

    With us, in Focsani, seven pictures were taken in the railway station. To the right-hand side as part of one of the photographs there is a bloke sitting with a hand of his knee. He was none other than the county prefect, Nicușor Săveanu, who, being a politician and being aware the royal family was soon to arrive, he commissioned an album to Franz Koroschetz, with pictures from Putna County, as today’s Vrancea county was then known.

    There were 14 pictures from the northern part of the county, and this album, once completed, was in the possession of this kid at the center of the picture, he is Radu Saveanu, the future mayor of Focsani and the son of Nicușor Săveanu. This man Radu Săveanu offered it as a gift to none other than Carol, later King Carol II. There was only one single mention of the album in the press of that time and, from 1904 to 2024, no one knew absolutely anything about it.

    It came into possession of the royal family, Carol, Ferdinand leafed through it, as well as the entire royal elite, it was in the possession of the royal family and subsequently it was appropriated by the Academy Library. Until 2024, nobody was aware of its existence, until I discovered it. “

    They say a photograph speaks through itself. Yet Sorin Tudose’s work and passion turned the stories behind some of the photographs into complete stories, when they appear in other sources as well:
    Track: Here we have two photographs, it’s about what the research behind the photographs meant. Neither of the two photographs had something written on them.

    “It is about two pictures taken by Koroschetz, belonging to the Rainu-Neguț family and, in the album, I would have liked the pictures to have Photo Koroschetz as a caption in the album. My conclusion was that the pictures were taken around 1910. Yet, being passionate about it, I read a lot in the press of that time and at one point, absolutely accidentally, I came across an article.

    It was written in there that in the house of Negut Family 25 years of their wedding had been celebrated, the silver wedding. And there, I discovered, in the atmosphere of the event, who the personalities were, who participated in the event, but also the fact that the mayor called in at their place and renewed their vows.

    I took a closer look at the article and I discovered it was written in 1908. And that’s how I succeeded to realize what the context was, when the two pictures were taken. Also, I succeeded to identify all the faces. Which, apart from the intrinsic values of the photographs, the fact that they come with their stories, that brings added value: it tells us who these people are, on what occasion they met, which somehow humanizes, to a greater extent, these otherwise special photographs. “

    Unfortunately, Koroschetz’s Focsani disappeared today almost completely, it only exists in Sorin Tudose’s book. Here he is once again, telling us the story of its disappearance:

    ”Beginning with the 1970s, demolition never ceased to be perpetrated. This, for example, is a church in Focsani, the town’s only church the communists brought down. What you can see in this picture is the princely church, but nothing exists any more. The picture was taken by Koroschetz in 1930 or thereabouts. Comrades didn’t like it, so they demolished it. They didn’t like this very special building either, known as the Economia Bank, they brought that down too.

    I somehow wanted to symbolize, through a drawing, what happened in my native town, Focsani. So I contacted a friend, a woman architect, telling her to symbolize what happened to our town, how it was demolished. And she asked me how I could imagine that, graphically? I gave her two major buildings in Focsani, the Economia Bank and the Princely Church. And I asked her to conceive how a couple of bulldozers were rolling, replacing their arms with a sickle and a hammer. “

    The album authored by Sorin Tudose has more than 250 photographs authored by Franz Xaver Koroschetz. The photographs capture the town and its inhabitants, in their day-to-day life or at special events.

  • The City of Sebeș

    The territory between the Mureș and Olt rivers and the Carpathian Mountains, started being inhabited, as of the 12th century, also by Germans colonized by the kings of Hungary. One of the seven seats or urban communities that had the right to be a judicial residence was the current city of Sebeș. Called Melnbach in local German or Mühlbach, Sebeș today has approximately 26,000 inhabitants, of whom almost 80% are Romanian. Traditionally, the city has always had more religious denominations, boasting Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities and churches.




    We asked museographer Radu Totoianu from the Ioan Raica Municipal Museum in Sebeș about the history of the place. He described the beginnings of the settlement: Sebeș is mentioned in documents in 1245, shortly after the Mongol invasion. Priest Theodoric of Malenbach, the Latinized German name, asks Pope Innocent IV for the right to collect taxes from other neighboring parishes as well, as his parish had been greatly affected by the Mongol invasion. The Pope allows his request. This is actually the birth certificate of our city. It is an important city, it is the city that preserves the oldest privilege of surrounding itself with stone walls, a privilege given in 1387. It is surrounded by a fortification with an enclosure wall totaling over 1,800 meters, several towers that are still preserved, of which perhaps the most famous are the Student’s Tower or the Tailors’ Tower.



    It is this fortification work that gives part of the town’s small reputation. The story of the monk Georg Captivus Septemcastrensis, who lived in the 15th -16th centuries and wrote the first treatise on the Turks, is important and it was summarized for us by Radu Totoianu: The tower was maintained and defended by the tailors’ guild and is related to the Turkish attack of 1438, when a Turkish army besiege the city. After resisting for several days, a truce is reached, the Turks are allowed to enter the city on condition that they did not cause any destruction. However, this did not happen. Capitulation was not something everyone liked, some citizens barricaded themselves in that Tailors Tower. Among them was a young student at the school within the Dominican monastery. The tower is set on fire, the vast majority of those in the tower die, but among the survivors is this young man, a 13-14-year-old child. He has the fate of many of the people of Sebeș. He is sold as a slave, and he is kept in captivity for 20 years. He is sold several times, eventually finding a more humane master who treats him more like a family member than a slave. The master frees him, he wanted very much to be freed, he told his master, to see his native places. He promised to come back, but he never did. He didn’t even go to Transylvania, he went to Cyprus, and then moved on to Italy. He arrives in Rome, joins the order of Dominican monks and writes a work considered the first European treatise on Orientalism which has seen over 25 editions. One of them, from 1511, was edited by the reformer of the German church, Martin Luther, who also prefaced it.

    We have asked Radu Totoianu which are the buildings most representative for the small town
    founded by the Transylvanian Germans.


    Radu Totoianu: The most
    important ecclesiastical building in the town is the Evangelical Church. The
    first construction stages in the Roman architectural style kicked off after
    1241. But after a while, the town, which enjoyed certain economic prosperity at
    that time, wanted something more sumptuous. The Gothic style had already
    appeared in Transylvania and parts of the church were built in this style.
    Experts believe that if the church had been finished in this style, it would
    have been the second largest in Transylvania after the Black Church in Brasov.
    However, as the town numbered only 500 families at that time, they didn’t have
    the financial strength to complete the church in the Gothic style. So, they
    resorted to a compromise, a mixture of two styles. It is very beautiful though
    as it also has elements of the Renaissance style.


    Another architectural
    landmark is the building housing the city museum.


    Radu Totoianu: The most
    important lay building in the Sebes town is the Zapolya House, which presently
    houses the museum. It is related to the name of the Transylvanian ruler Ioan
    Zapolya who eventually became king of Hungary after the death of Vladislav 2nd
    in battle. However, the move failed to satisfy everybody and a part of the
    Hungarians came with another candidate, Ferdinand of Habsburg, of the Austrian
    royal family. A civil war broke out and king Zapolya and his army withdrew to
    Transylvania, conquered Sebes and established his headquarters in this
    building, which is presently housing the museum. He even died in this building
    around 1540.


    Although small, the town
    of Sebes played a major role in the history of Transylvania. Its well defined
    personality has been preserved along the centuries.

    (LS, bill)