Category: World of Culture

  • Stage Director Radu Afrim

    Stage Director Radu Afrim

    Under the headline “Focus on the ‘Radu Stanca’ National Theatre — Radu Afrim”, the Radu Stanca National Theatre in Sibiu recently held a short marathon of three plays staged by Radu Afrim. They are Igor Bauersima and Rejane Desvignes’s “Tattoo”, staged by the German section of the theatre, premiered in October 2014, and the official opening of another two productions in the “Urban Fables” series, called “Giraffes” and “Buffalos”, a stage adaptaion of Pau Miro, staged in Romanian.




    Radu Afrim likes to explore new texts and authors. Besides he believes the choice of the text is paramount. “The right text for the right theatre in the right city” is in fact one of his favourite slogans. The texts for “Giraffes” and “Buffalos” are actually part of the “Urban Fables” trilogy written by the Catalan writer Pau Miro, a celebrated and best-selling author in Europe, who is still unknown to the Romanian public.




    Here is stage director Radu Afrim: “I first thought about the cast. “Giraffes” suits the more experienced and famous part of the company in Sibiu. They are all knowledgeable actors. “Buffalos” is rather for younger actors, where rookie actors have to bear the brunt, those actors who had few or no sophisticated parts so far. I thought that staging just one piece from the trilogy was not enough, because I felt the connection between the texts. The most awe-inspiring of them is “Buffalos”, because it’s kind of darker than the other. This is precisely why I thought I might contrast it with “Giraffes”, because I originally intended to stage “Buffalos” only. I had read the text and I very much liked this dramatic poem, although the plot in “Giraffes” is equally sad and fragile”.




    The play “Giraffes” focuses on an apparently mundane object, which nevertheless marked a ground-breaking point in the lives of housewives in the1960s: the washing machine. For that matter, all of Miro’s texts seem to revolve around this house appliance.




    “‘Giraffes’ also speaks about the early days of sexual emancipation, which was unknown to Romania at the time. A transvestite shows up in a pub for foreign tourists on the beach walk. I believe changing the site of the plot to Romania was a great idea. I had made use of house appliances in my previous plays too. They are beautiful, ready-made, they are not ordinary props. They have a certain magical aura about them, which enables you to toy with them. These objects take on a human dimension when interacting with people. Or rather, people lose their humanity when interacting with them. In this play, the washing machine stands for the emancipation of women from the kind of chore that was quite common in my childhood. I was born in 1968, the year of the plot in “Giraffes”, and I got to see my grandmother washing clothes by hand, down by the river”.




    “Giraffes” is a play that deals with traditional values, womanhood, love and free will. Actress Mariana Mihu is cast in the role of the married woman who wants an Albalux washing machine. The actress told us that she very much resembled her character, mainly because she had lived during that period as a child and teenager, but also because her character undergoes certain changes throughout the play:



    “In ‘Giraffes’ there is that refined thread of humour which greatly suits me, because we grin and bear it. And this is something good for the mind, for the soul. It’s about people’s ability to change and hope that life must have good things in store for you. It’s something I very much like, and I believe this is why I accepted the role, because I was feeling extremely weary at the time. But this idea, that people can change for the better and hold out hopes appealed to me greatly, so I moved on. For me, giraffes are animals that see beyond the immediate reality. Buffalos are resilient animals. And that’s what the play is actually all about”.




    The casts for “Giraffes” and “Buffalos” are mixed. Whereas for the former, the main leads are given to experienced actors of the “Radu Stanca” Theatre in Sibiu, the protagonists of the latter are mostly young actors. While “Giraffes” is a comedy with a tinge of nostalgia, “Buffalos” is an emotion-provoking play about death and survival. The plot is staged in a laundromat: a child dies, the mother goes missing, the father goes crazy, while four buffalo-kids survive the experience.




    Young actor Vlad Barzanu plays the part of a young buffalo, which he describes as follows: “They are all very confused, they are young, they try to survive these events, try to make sense of all of it. They simply try to move on with their lives, or at least what’s left of them. All they know is what they were taught and what they manage to learn from their parents. And they are fragile, just like giraffes. However they are more resilient. Each of them has his story and his challenges, which they finally overcome”.




    Although “Buffalos” might seem burdensome, Radu Afrim managed to interpose a few comic episodes: “If you don’t have a sense of humour, you are banal, both on stage and in real life. I depict the very moment when clients come to this family Laundromat, disguised as certain characters, and leave their clothes there, together with their life stories and sins. I introduced a series of jokes right in the middle of the play, which are not part of the original text, although the author does hint at it, saying that ‘the brothers fool around’. The text gives you the freedom to improvise and be creative as a stage director. Yeah, I did give it a comic dimension, but only to a certain extent. The characters in ‘Giraffes’ have their own aura of sympathy. I thought the shows could be staged together, in one night, with a short interval in-between.”




    The production “Tattoo”, adapted after Swiss authors Igor Bauerisma and Rejane Desvignes’ text, was staged at the German section of the “Radu Stanca” Theatre. Here is what stage director Radu Afrim told us about the show: “It’s unlike anything I’ve done so far. It’s a wonderfully written play, it has an old vintage touch about it, with a dense plot, loads of action and a surprising ending. The actors helped me a lot. We worked very well and had laughs together, because the show is very physical, almost brutal, and at the same time very lucid. It’s very smooth, and I got taken in by it when first reading it. It’s about video artists who tattoo their bodies to challenge their friends. It’s about friendship and genuine relationships. I have put up a lot of work into this production, so I can’t afford having it turn out a flop. Each performance makes me nervous”.

  • World of Culture – Stage Director Radu Afrim

    World of Culture – Stage Director Radu Afrim

    Under the headline “Focus on the ‘Radu Stanca’ National Theatre — Radu Afrim”, the Radu Stanca National Theatre in Sibiu recently held a short marathon of three plays staged by Radu Afrim. They are Igor Bauersima and Rejane Desvignes’s “Tattoo”, staged by the German section of the theatre, premiered in October 2014, and the official opening of another two productions in the “Urban Fables” series, called “Giraffes” and “Buffalos”, a stage adaptaion of Pau Miro, staged in Romanian.



    Radu Afrim likes to explore new texts and authors. Besides he believes the choice of the text is paramount. “The right text for the right theatre in the right city” is in fact one of his favourite slogans. The texts for “Giraffes” and “Buffalos” are actually part of the “Urban Fables” trilogy written by the Catalan writer Pau Miro, a celebrated and best-selling author in Europe, who is still unknown to the Romanian public. Here is stage director Radu Afrim:



    I first thought about the cast. “Giraffes” suits the more experienced and famous part of the company in Sibiu. They are all knowledgeable actors. “Buffalos” is rather for younger actors, where rookie actors have to bear the brunt, those actors who had few or no sophisticated parts so far. I thought that staging just one piece from the trilogy was not enough, because I felt the connection between the texts. The most awe-inspiring of them is “Buffalos”, because it’s kind of darker than the other. This is precisely why I thought I might contrast it with “Giraffes”, because I originally intended to stage “Buffalos” only. I had read the text and I very much liked this dramatic poem, although the plot in “Giraffes” is equally sad and fragile”.



    The play “Giraffes” focuses on an apparently mundane object, which nevertheless marked a ground-breaking point in the lives of housewives in the1960s: the washing machine. For that matter, all of Miro’s texts seem to revolve around this house appliance.



    “‘Giraffes’ also speaks about the early days of sexual emancipation, which was unknown to Romania at the time. A transvestite shows up in a pub for foreign tourists on the beach walk. I believe changing the site of the plot to Romania was a great idea. I had made use of house appliances in my previous plays too. They are beautiful, ready-made, they are not ordinary props. They have a certain magical aura about them, which enables you to toy with them. These objects take on a human dimension when interacting with people. Or rather, people lose their humanity when interacting with them. In this play, the washing machine stands for the emancipation of women from the kind of chore that was quite common in my childhood. I was born in 1968, the year of the plot in “Giraffes”, and I got to see my grandmother washing clothes by hand, down by the river”.



    “Giraffes” is a play that deals with traditional values, womanhood, love and free will. Actress Mariana Mihu is cast in the role of the married woman who wants an Albalux washing machine. The actress told us that she very much resembled her character, mainly because she had lived during that period as a child and teenager, but also because her character undergoes certain changes throughout the play:



    In ‘Giraffes’ there is that refined thread of humour which greatly suits me, because we grin and bear it. And this is something good for the mind, for the soul. It’s about people’s ability to change and hope that life must have good things in store for you. It’s something I very much like, and I believe this is why I accepted the role, because I was feeling extremely weary at the time. But this idea, that people can change for the better and hold out hopes appealed to me greatly, so I moved on. For me, giraffes are animals that see beyond the immediate reality. Buffalos are resilient animals. And that’s what the play is actually all about”.



    The casts for “Giraffes” and “Buffalos” are mixed. Whereas for the former, the main leads are given to experienced actors of the “Radu Stanca” Theatre in Sibiu, the protagonists of the latter are mostly young actors. While “Giraffes” is a comedy with a tinge of nostalgia, “Buffalos” is an emotion-provoking play about death and survival. The plot is staged in a laundromat: a child dies, the mother goes missing, the father goes crazy, while four buffalo-kids survive the experience. Young actor Vlad Barzanu plays the part of a young buffalo, which he describes as follows:



    They are all very confused, they are young, they try to survive these events, try to make sense of all of it. They simply try to move on with their lives, or at least what’s left of them. All they know is what they were taught and what they manage to learn from their parents. And they are fragile, just like giraffes. However they are more resilient. Each of them has his story and his challenges, which they finally overcome”.



    Although “Buffalos” might seem burdensome, Radu Afrim managed to interpose a few comic episodes:



    If you don’t have a sense of humour, you are banal, both on stage and in real life. I depict the very moment when clients come to this family Laundromat, disguised as certain characters, and leave their clothes there, together with their life stories and sins. I introduced a series of jokes right in the middle of the play, which are not part of the original text, although the author does hint at it, saying that ‘the brothers fool around’. The text gives you the freedom to improvise and be creative as a stage director. Yeah, I did give it a comic dimension, but only to a certain extent. The characters in ‘Giraffes’ have their own aura of sympathy. I thought the shows could be staged together, in one night, with a short interval in-between.”



    The production “Tattoo”, adapted after Swiss authors Igor Bauerisma and Rejane Desvignes’ text, was staged at the German section of the “Radu Stanca” Theatre. Here is what stage director Radu Afrim told us about the show:



    It’s unlike anything I’ve done so far. It’s a wonderfully written play, it has an old vintage touch about it, with a dense plot, loads of action and a surprising ending. The actors helped me a lot. We worked very well and had laughs together, because the show is very physical, almost brutal, and at the same time very lucid. It’s very smooth, and I got taken in by it when first reading it. It’s about video artists who tattoo their bodies to challenge their friends. It’s about friendship and genuine relationships. I have put up a lot of work into this production, so I can’t afford having it turn out a flop. Each performance makes me nervous”.


  • Fine Artists from Ramnicu Vlacea

    Fine Artists from Ramnicu Vlacea

    They have mounted lots of solo exhibitions at home or abroad, they say they’re in love with the region of Valcea, where they live, and they are our guests in today’s World of Culture: Petti Velici, Sergiu Pop and Marcel Dutu. You will get to know them through our programs as well as through their paintings that will be offered to the winners of the Govora contest.


    At 18 Petti Velici had his first solo exhibition, he specialized in preservation and restoration, and more than 20 years ago, he settled in Ramnicu Valcea, a town that brings him memories and the peace he needs.



    Petti Velici: ”I arrived in Ramnicu Valcea when I was a high school student, in a holiday camp organized by the Fine Arts High school in Craiova, and then I had the chance to get acquainted with the old Ramnic. Meanwhile lots of things have changed, but I would have never thought — conservative as I am — that I would end up settling there. But the resemblance between Ramnicu Valcea and the area where I spent my childhood, with all its peace and quiet, with river Olt that reminded me of the Danube, with its cultural activity, much richer than that in Turnu Severin, all that made me stay here. And this peace is extremely important for me. There may be people who can paint in a railway station, yet I am not that type. I need some sort of intimacy, I need peace and quiet, and this place is exactly what I need. It is essential for everything: for me to find the topic, the color, and the necessary state of mind.”



    Petti Velici has expressed his disappointment with the status of the artist in Romania, where artists can hardly make ends meet, and with the authorities’ indifference towards the national heritage. Under the circumstances, painting remains his refuge.


    Petti Velici: ”I paint flowers. Flowers bring me peace and quiet. I am also into graphic art, there are works which require all my attention. I also have in mind a series a portraits, I want to make a gallery of portraits. They will feature village people, old people who remind me of my mom and dad, of my grandfather and of my great-grand parents. So far I have just made a couple of sketches and drawings.”



    Sergiu Plop was born in the village of Arinesti in Bessarabia and he claims his work was inspired by the Russian avant-garde. He became an inhabitant of the region of Oltenia, in the south, following the success he obtained in the early 1990s when he had his first exhibition staged in Ramnicu Valcea in 1993, jointly with Arcadie Raileanu. He said there are several periods in his painting: a black period — up until 1993, a second period — some sort of pointillism that ended up with all his paintings being purchased by a German collector. Then a green period followed, and now he does mostly figurative painting, but he cannot guarantee he would not return to abstract painting.



    Sergiu Plop: ”I was born in the northern part of Bessarabia. You know what they say, northerners are a bit more introvert, while southerners are more exuberant. I admit this is true and when I came to Ramnicu Valcea I had to change. What I like about Ramnicu Valcea is that its people are very active. And I believe that influenced my painting, especially my take on color. My colors are brighter and more cheerful. What matters most is to feel the light in the area. “



    There is a great artistic potential in the Republic of Moldova, says Sergiu Plop. That is why, for several years now, he has been trying to promote Bessarabian artists in Romania.


    Sergiu Plop: “I have started to promote artists from Bessarabia ever since 2009, when I organized two workshops at the Nicolae Balcescu Museum in the locality with the same name, near the town of Ramnicu Valcea. Later, I started staging events in Ramnicu Valcea, followed by three painting workshops entitled “In Ramnic”. I decided to invite Bessarabian painters because some of them are little known here and because I want to promote the Chisinau painting school. Most of these painters are also teachers at the Arts Academy in Chisinau. I am happy with how these painting events unfolded. There was a time when I used to bring one painter from Chisinau every month, to exhibit his or her works at the Antim Ivireanul Library. Most exhibitions were staged around the National Anthem Day, on July 29th, which is marked in Ramnicu Valcea every year. Last year, the exhibition was hosted by the Arts Museum and it was a success. The Village Museum in Bujoreni was a venue for another two exhibitions and the artists even worked on their paintings here. I have also organized several trips, so that our guests could see why we are so proud of our area. There are many beautiful things to see in Valcea, apart from its landscape. There are also the monasteries and Brancusi’s sculptures.”



    Marcel Dutu’s favorite place is his workshop in Draganesti Olt. He is very grateful to those who supported him on his artistic path, such as Traian Zorzoliu and Nicolae Truta. Marcel Dutu:


    Marcel Dutu: “My exhibition was entitled “For Nae” because Nicolae Truta played a crucial role in my life. I did not study with him when I was preparing my entrance exams at the Fine Arts Academy, but I met him later, when he was the organizer, better said the initiator of summer art camps. An art camp offers you the chance to get to know other artists, which is something that I like, something that motivates me. The first art camp I participated in was held in Vitomiresti. During my student years art camps were being organized at the end of each university year, and used to mark in a way the graduation and also the debut of a future artist.”



    Marcel Dutu describes his painting as “a series of arcades and columns, an explosion of meanings and tendencies, from here to there and also on the vertical”. In short, he is a modernist:


    Marcel Dutu: “So many things have happened in the fine arts field that it’s hard to say my painting brings something new. I’m still searching new meanings. But it’s difficult to innovate. My work is atypical though. I’m very interested in tri-dimensionality. I have recently made four new paintings for an exhibition in Valcea. I started from the idea of a cube. More exactly, each painting had a cube in its center. I started from the cube as a perfect shape, versus human imperfection.”











  • The “Anton Pann” Theatre in Ramnicu Valcea

    The “Anton Pann” Theatre in Ramnicu Valcea

    Preserving the spirit of a century-old theatre tradition in the area, the “Anton Pann” Theatre in Ramnicu Valcea, in central Romania, emerged as a professional institution in May 1990. Before that it was a popular theatre, actually one of the best in the country in the 1960s- 1980s, benefiting from the work of reputed directors such as Dan Micu, Silviu Purcarete and Alexandru Dabija.



    Adrian Roman has been the manager of the Anton Pann theatre for over 10 years now, and his strategy has been to rejuvenate the troupe. So, he’s brought in 10 graduates of the theatre school in Cluj. Definitely, many young actors would like to be part of that team, so we asked Adrian Roman about the selection criteria.



    Adrian Roman: “It’s not easy to become a member of the Anton Pann troupe. Those who want that should know that if they come to Ramnicu Valcea it will not be for the money, but for performing alongside a team of professionals. I’ve seen most of them, I’ve watched them grow professionally ever since they were students in Cluj. An actor joins the Anton Pann team as part of a play’s cast. They are selected by a director for a certain show, they do not just come here to make money. So, they are chosen not only by me, but by the directors that stage performances here, and as I said earlier, they are monitored at least one year before that. They do not come here only based on their track record. They also need to understand our mentality, as we promote performance here at the Anton Pann Theatre.”



    What is also necessary is, of course, a lot of positive energy and enthusiasm. Besides promoting young actors, the Anton Pann theatre aims at also promoting young directors. One of them is Botos Balint, also a graduate of the school in Cluj.



    To manager Adrian Roman, the most important achievement of the year 2014 was his theatre’s participation in the National Theatre Festival, with “The Belgrade Trilogy”, directed by Cristi Juncu. This year, more precisely in late March, the Anton Pann Theatre, in collaboration with the Romanian Cultural Institute, will have a tour in Ukraine, the region of Odessa. Part of that tour, the puppeteers troupe will also give performances for children. Another collaboration, also in March, will be with the Nottara Theatre.



    Adrian Roman:It all started when Marinela Tepus, the manager of the Nottara Theatre, saw several of our performances. Actually we had been to Nottara with a performance of ours, namely “Close”, by Cristi Juncu. At the Studio Theatre Festival in Pitesti, held in the autumn of 2014, Marinela Tepus was a member of the jury, and our show, “You’re an animal, Viskovitz”, by Alessandro Boffa, directed by Tudor Lucanu, won the Grand Prize. It was funny in a way, because it was the last performance in the festival. The dice had been cast, the awards established, but we interfered with their plans and got the Grand Prize and a standing ovation, which to us matters the most. Seeing the audience’s reaction, Marinela Tepus publicly extended an invitation to present our shows for a whole year. We have already scheduled the first ones. The first is the one that got the grand prize in Pitesti, which is quite special. I hope it will be equally successful at Nottara Theatre as well. We are trying to make our way into this boulevard of Romanian theatre and earn our own audience, through our own shows, because we have a young troupe of actors that is absolutely brilliant. This is my opinion. There is much talk about it at present, and I hope Bucharest too will be taken in by its performances. Unfortunately, in Ramnicu Valcea, which is a smaller town, shows are short-lived and our presence at Nottara will hopefully extend the lifespan of some of the performances that really deserve a longer lifespan.”



    Recently, rehearsals for a new show called “Stags and Hens” have started at the Anton Pann theatre, a contemporary work written by Willy Russell. The performance staged by Vlad Massaci will premiere in early April. Until then, the UNITER jury will be in Ramnicu Valcea on February 28th and March 1st to see two performances proposed by the theatre for the UNITER awards: “A strange story with a dog at midnight”, directed by Vlad Massaci and “You’re an animal, Viskovitz”, directed by Tudor Lucanu. We wish them plenty of good luck, because the small theatre in Valcea is now struggling to stay among the top theatres in the country.

  • “Aferim” by Radu Jude, winner of the Silver Bear for Best Director

    “Aferim” by Radu Jude, winner of the Silver Bear for Best Director

    “Radu Jude’s most accomplished and original feature yet,” is how Variety describes “Aferim!,” the third feature film by the Romanian director, after it was selected in the official competition of the Berlin International Film Festival held over February 5th-15th. The weekly appreciates the director’s choices and the way in which the prejudices of that time were brought on screen through the script written by Radu Jude and Florin Lazarescu, as well as the performance of the actors, especially of Toma Cuzin, and Marius Panduru’s black-and-white photography. In turn, the Hollywood Reporter also praises Radu Jude’s latest film: “It feels like a strong prize contender based on its striking look, timely subject and surprisingly funny script. Contemporary anti-Roma racism in Eastern Europe has inspired a string of powerful movies in recent years. But Aferim! digs deeper into the historical roots of this timely subject as Jude and his co-writer, novelist Florin Lazarescu, draw on real accounts of gypsy slavery for inspiration. Most importantly, they also manage to make this grim topic both funny and personal, not a dour social-realistic sermon,” The Hollywood Reporter also writes.



    One of the largest-scale film projects in Romania in the last few years, “Aferim!” is a history lesson, with a plot set in the early 19th Century Wallachia, where gypsies were slaves. A constable, played by actor Teodor Corban, accompanied by his son played by Mihai Comanoiu tries to bring back a runaway gypsy slave, played by Toma Cuzin. “Aferim!” was shot in the Macin Mountains in Dobrudja, South-Eastern Romania and around Giurgiu, in southern Romania, on a budget of 1.4 million euros. Most of the set was reconstructed to recapture the Turkish influence. The name of the film is actually a Turkish word meaning “well-done.” Constanta Vintila-Ghitulescu, the historical adviser on this film, explains that “It is a question that has been asked for centuries, the question whether or not gypsies are human beings, and where they come from. It was a constant search, particularly in mid-19th century.” Here is director Radu Jude with more:



    “The film is not only about slavery. But since this is a topic rarely discussed, gypsy slavery is what stands out. There are a lot of other themes that the film approaches, such as the role of women in society, religion, how ideas are passed on from person to person, tolerance, they are all present in the film. What I meant to convey is that a social phenomenon, just like a personal occurrence, is at least partially rooted in the more or less distant past. We often overlook this aspect. We should take some responsibility to the past, and sometimes we do not want to or find it difficult to take responsibility. I believe societies experience the same thing that Freud talks about with respect to individuals, namely that whatever we try to repress will always surface somehow. That is why, I believe it is important for any society to periodically remember more or less pleasant aspects in its history.”



    According to film critic Andrei Gorzo, “the most important Romanian film since 2010, that is since Andrei Ujica’s ‘Autobiography of Nicolae Ceausescu’ and Cristi Puiu’s ‘Aurora’, is called ‘Aferim!’, and brings its director Radu Jude, born in 1977 and currently at his third feature film, very close to the leading position in the group of the most notable contemporary Romanian directors. This work of art, which will become a classic in the Romanian film industry, is also an echoing intervention on the agenda of the current public debates.” Here is director Radu Jude again:



    “I had all sorts of sources of inspiration, and not all of them from cinema. Actually, what interested me most, was how you can make a historical reconstruction without deceiving the audience, giving them the illusion that they get a glimpse of life captured on camera. And here there are a lot of debates: some cinema theorists are against historical films, saying that this kind of films denies the fundamental nature of cinema. Anyway, I wanted to make a film, though it’s difficult to place it historically, so I wanted viewers to realize that what they saw was only a film and that they must question the respective images and come up with their own answers. In ‘Aferim!’ the convention is a little over-stated, which is neither a good nor a bad thing. It is only an attempt to warn the audience so as not to take things for granted.”



    One of the intentions underlying his latest film, Radu Jude also says, is to make a comparative survey of the history of mentalities, to question some of the ready-made ideas and customs of the time. Radu Jude:



    “What I have in mind are those people who have some openness to the communication involved in any work of art, including a book or a film. I used a sentence that impressed me a lot. Wittgenstein ends his first book saying that he hopes the book to be only a ladder for readers to climb, and in the end they should throw away the ladder and think for themselves. Of course, I’m not Wittgenstein, but this is what I’d like, too: I’d like my film to be a small step in a direction that the audience would follow on their own and get a lot farther than where the film takes them.”



    A production by Hi Film, Radu Jude’s feature film, “Aferim!” will have its premiere in Romanian cinema halls in early March.

  • Projects of the Bucharest National Opera Ballet

    Projects of the Bucharest National Opera Ballet

    It’s been a year since the Danish dancer and choreographer Johan Kobborg became the artistic director of the National Opera Ballet. A former soloist of the Royal Danish Ballet and of the Royal Ballet of London until 2013, Johan Kobborg was already known to the Romanian public, thanks to his performances alongside his partner, Alina Cojocaru.



    As Johan Kobborg confessed, “I feel we are making wonderful shows and I feel this amazing energy coming from the stage, every time I watch the performances. And obviously, this is what dance has been created for.” Just one month before he took over the management of the National Opera ballet, Kobborg presented to the Romanian public “La Sylphide,” in which he performed alongside his partner, Alina Cojocaru.



    The repertoire of the National Opera Ballet is based on the idea that this is a classical ballet company, Johan Kobborg insisted, and he deplored the fact that a growing number of major classical dance companies are shifting to contemporary dance. “This will remain a classical ballet company as long as I am here. This does not mean that we won’t approach other styles and other ways of dancing as well. Even if I bring contemporary works, I will not go to extremes, I will always preserve their core, classical basis,” the artistic director of the National Opera Ballet added. At the end of last year, Johan Kobborg and his company presented Frederick Ashton’s “La Fille mal gardee,” with the cast including Alina Cojocaru and Johan Kobborg.



    The show is scheduled to premiere on April the 25th, and on June the 6th, ballet lovers are invited to see the premiere of “Giselle,” a classical performance that no classical ballet company can miss. The show, created by choreographers Johan Kobborg and Ethan Stiefel, was first presented in 2012 in New Zealand, by the Royal New Zealand Ballet.


  • The best-selling books in Romania in 2014

    The best-selling books in Romania in 2014

    Today we will look at two of the best-selling books in Romania in 2014, two collections of poems, one by Adela Greceanu and another by Bogdan-Alexandru Stanescu, which were among the best-selling titles at the Gaudeamus International Book and Education Fair organised by Radio Romania in November 2014.



    “With a narrative structure revolving around situations, characters and ideas that shape a world of their own”, Adela Greceanu’s “Words Are Themselves a Province” “is a poem about loneliness, about being sidelined, about womanhood, but also about language, its limits and frailty”, writes the poet in her foreword to the book published by Cartea Romaneasca. Attending the book launch in November 2014, writer Nora Iuga and journalist Ovidiu Simonca had contrasting views on the book.



    Nora Iuga believes Adela Greceanu’s latest book is about loneliness, whereas Ovidiu Simonca claimed the opposite: “I believe this book is about loneliness only to a certain extent. The loneliness part is evident, we have a female character who is the embodiment of loneliness. She keeps herself to herself, she spends the day by the window or enjoys a ride on a packed bus in the evening. But at the same time this isn’t a book about loneliness, and this is very transparent in the concept of the book, which has a picture of the character seen from behind on its cover. The character’s first words are also telling: ‘The small town woman in me watches everything, but there’s no one to watch her from behind, as she stands there with her womanly back firm’. This is the exact image on the cover, and by choosing it, I’m contradicting Adila, the lonely protagonist of this book. Because now everyone looking at the book can see her standing all alone, looking through the window, seeing a woman or a little girl and her long brown hair. It may seem a cliché, but poetry does help us ward off loneliness”.




    For Adela Greceanu, poetry helps her manage her relationships with the world and herself and through poetry, she feels she can start all over again: “I believe that through literature, poetry in particular, we have the chance not only not to be alone any more, but also to join the loneliness of others. I think this is one of the few ways of being together with someone. I received a lot of feedback for this collection of poems, both from people whose opinion is very important to me, but also from people I don’t know, and I was impressed. The book seems to have touched many people and it feels as if it was somehow expected. Maybe because before publishing the book, I read many of these poems at the literature festivals I took part in and was glad to see how well they were received.”



    Bogdan-Alexandru Stanescu is our second guest today. He is recipient of the Young Writer Award at the 2014 Young Writers Gala, where he was hailed by the jury for his ability to approach a variety of genres. His latest work, entitled “anaBASis”, features 12 illustrations by Laurentiu Midvichi.



    Here’s the author telling us more about the book: “anaBASis is connected to another book of poems entitled ‘After the Battle, We Took a Deep Breath’. In fact, it may be considered a continuation of this collection, because the latter was never finished. anaBASis ends this cycle of happy poems, although perhaps ‘happy’ is an overstatement. I am referring to the key images Nabokov used to speak about, images which can give birth to a novel or especially short story, because short prose must start from a key image, even a book of poems. Unlike After the Battle, We Took a Deep Breath, anaBASis is based on the image of the 100,000 mercenaries who passed through the Persian Empire during their travels, through the dessert and the mountains. The moment these mercenaries reached the coast, as the historian Xenophon writes, appears to me as one of the happiest moments in the history of mankind. I felt that this historical moment is linked to my own moments of happiness, that there is a correspondence between the private history of individuals and the history of the world. I am therefore puzzled when some people don’t understand why I feel a connection with the Greeks and Persians. I’m neither the first, not the last poet to start from a historical fact to meditate on his or her own life and memories.”



    Literary critic Cezar Gheorghe says Bogdan-Alexandru Stanescu’s books contradict some of most entrenched prejudices of the literary world, such as the fact that you cannot write good literature if you first worked in literary criticism. He believes that Bogdan Alexandru Stanescu writes literary criticism and poetry much better than other authors whose writings are published in almost all literary magazines.



    Here is Bogdan Alexandru Stanescu again: “Cezar has a good point. There is this prejudice that if you have embraced a certain literary genre you cannot switch successfully to a different genre, because people will then say you are not consistent. But there are a few of us who approach literature in a different way. Literature comprises everything. You write a critical article about a book of poems or fiction because you like to read. If you like to read and think you have something to say about it, you say it, and you don’t need to be a literary critic to do this. I don’t consider myself a literary critic. I’m not a university professor, I don’t show off my knowledge of literary theory in my articles, all I’m doing is express my views about a certain poem or book in an honest way. Honesty plays an important role in this profession. I don’t think being a critic should prevent me from writing poetry, which I see as an essential part of my existence.”

  • World of Culture

    World of Culture

    In 1922 the Romanian-born sculptor Constantin Bracusi made a special dance costume for Lizica Codreanu, played a vinyl recording of Erik Satie’s Gymnopedies and invited the dancer to do a one-off performance in his studio, among sculptures. Using a rack-and-pinion Thornton Pickard camera, Brancusi captured the performance in seven photographs. In 1996, the director Cornel Mihalache used the images taken in 1922 to recreate Lizica Codreanu’s outfit and proposed to dancer and choreographer Vava Stefanescu an apparently impossible reenactment of that dance performance in the sculptor’s studio, on Satie’s music.



    The National Dance Center in Bucharest has recently staged an event focusing on the choreographer and dancer Lizica Codreanu.


    The meeting was part of the National Dance Center’s Hors les Murs (Outside the Walls) program, launched in 2014, through which the Center seeks to go beyond the walls of its own building and approach topics off the beaten track.


    The event brought together director Cornel Mihalache, researcher Doina Lemny and choreographer Vava Stefanescu, in a talk moderated by Igor Mocanu.




    Igor Mocanu: “We devoted today’s edition to Lizica Codreanu, whose outstanding role in the history of Romanian dance was largely unknown until recently, at home or in the Diaspora. The Hors les Murs program specifically set out to focus, through its talks but also through dance shows, on a history that we know little about.”



    In 1995, while working on a documentary film entitled ”Brancusi,” the director Cornel Mihalache discovered photographs of Lizica Codreanu’s dance. Mihalache asked Geta Solomon to recreate the costume, and the choreographer Vava Stefanescu to reenact Lizica Codreanu’s dance.


    Vava Stefanescu: “I was about 25. I had no idea I was doing a re-enactment and that in the future I would be developing such a strong concern for retrieving major works and personalities in the history of dance. And I couldn’t have known that whenever you try to do research work, all you have is black holes. I was very happy I had little information, because this gave me the freedom to create. I was guided by Cornel Mihalache and Erik Satie. And, as you can imagine, I kept the costume with some sort of religious sentiment, as I had the feeling I was clad in one of Brancusi’s sculptures.



    Two years ago, the Vellant Publishers launched the volume “Lizica Codreanu. A Romanian Dancer in the Parisian Avant-garde,” a book that had already been released in France. Its author was Doina Lemny, a researcher based with the National Museum of Modern Art, in Pompidou Centre in Paris, and a specialist in Brancusi, about whom she has written several books. No wonder that she discovered Lizica Codreanu while looking into the Brancusi archive. The fact that nobody knew who she was captured her interest, and she began looking for relevant documents.



    Doina Lemny: ”The research was rather hard to carry out, because in the early 20th Century there was no ballet school that Lizica attended, so I had no one to talk to. I tried to find out more about her life, which for me seemed very interesting from the very beginning, given the relationship between Brancusi and Lizica and Irina Codreanu. The two basically lived all their lives together, so I tried to discover more about them. Two very brave women, who embarked upon an adventure in Paris, with little support, and managed to meet Brancusi. I believe that was the peak moment of their lives, as it was thanks to him that both of them become well connected in the Parisian avant-garde. I used some documents that Lizica’s son and nephew showed me, original posters, photographs and very few letters. Two or three of them were documents from Tristan Tzara. And on that occasion I spotted Lizica in a photograph we can find at MOMA”.



    Lizica Codreanu’s career as a choreographer and dancer was brief. It ended in 1927, when she married a brilliant French Intellectual, Jean Fontenoy, whom she accompanied on his mission to China. But when the two broke up, Lizica retuned to Paris. A resourceful personality, she never complained, but opened a Hatha Yoga parlor, under the supervision of one of the greatest yoga specialists. It was the moment when in the early 1930s yoga came to be known in Paris.



    Doina Lemny: “Her son tried to talk me out of it, telling me that Lizica did not have a dance career proper. Which is true. She was like a falling star. She used to dance mostly in Brancusi’s studio and caught the eye of very well known artists, like Sonia Delaunay, who at that time was a costume designer. She drew the attention of Fernand Leger, but Lizica did not want to wear an outfit designed by him. Leger designed costumes for ballet performances, but his approach was rather rigid. As for Lizica, once she reached Paris, she quickly understood what was going on in the artistic circles and simply put ballet aside. She never went to a ballet school. Quite the contrary, she took up circus training…she used to chat with artists…She practically immersed herself in a creative atmosphere. An artistic and resourceful personality, she used to train in Brancusi’s workshop, and this fascinated him”.



    The book had a tremendous response in France.


    Doina Lemny: “My colleagues with the Pompidou Centre, whose research work mainly focused on Sonia Delaunay, on Leger, were very interested in the connection between the costumes Sonia designed, and that artist that nobody knew much about. Apart from the Pompidou center, I have been invited to lots of conferences and debates. I became Lizica Codreanu’s spokesperson, and everybody is impressed with those extraordinary images, with the groundbreaking innovations the artist came up with, in terms of performance, motion and dance.”




    The manager of the National Dance Center in Bucharest, Vava Stefanescu, speaks about Lizica Codreanu’s place in contemporary Romanian dance.


    Vava Stefanescu: ”It seems to me that she represents something, symbolically speaking. Namely, that kind of fluidity and mobility between worlds, artistic realms, ideas, between perspectives on the body, which I believe is, to a certain extent, what artists today are trying to do.”



  • New Releases by Casa Radio Publishers

    New Releases by Casa Radio Publishers

    Besides the latest releases of already well-established collections of audio books, illustrated books and CDS, at the 21st Gaudeamus International Book Fair, held in November 2014, Casa Radio publishers offered the public a unique event in Romanian literature: Tandem” by Tudor Banus and Serban Foarta. It was a release that turned upside down an unwritten law of international literature, that of big books illustrated by great artists, because the absolute first in that case was the poetic illustration of the works of a visual artist.


    Tandem” was born on the pages of Observator cultural”, a weekly cultural magazine. Tandem. 50 poems by Serban Foarta on drawings by Tudor Banus, recited by the author and engraved on a double CD”, is not just an extraordinary visual display of the poems that give life to drawings, but also an audio show. Writer Mircea Cartarescu attended the book launch and spoke about Tandem”.



    Mircea Cartarescu: “I believe that through what he did, Tudor Banus actually went beyond Romania’s borders; he is a European artist, an artist that made illustrations for the most important magazines and reviews in the US and France. He is a highly appreciated artist, who combines old painting, engraving and drawing techniques with elements of modernity, a modernity coming from surrealism, from the experiences of Giorgio de Chirico and other avant-garde domains. He, however, remains a classic in nature, just like Chirico did, despite his huge premonitions about the art of the future. I am very happy that Tudor Banus has found time to illustrate Romanian books too, and I believe that this collaboration with Serban Foarta is the right thing for him. They are very much alike, belonging to the same family of artists and to probably the most interesting trend in the history of European art and thinking, namely mannerism, in the very best sense of the word, that of the 1520-1640, which included names like Shakespeare and Gongora.”



    Editura Radio publishing house has continued its series called the “Romanian Poetry Library”, launching, also at the fair, the audio book “Mariana Marin, an open letter or Don’t expect me at early hours”, a compilation of poems recited on the radio (1991-2002) and illustrated by Tudor Jebeleanu. Mariana Marin, a representative poet of the 1980s generation, left the poetry stage quite early, but she has remained on the top shelves of Romanian literature. The volume launched by Casa Radio includes, besides poems by Mariana Marin, testimonies and recollections by Romulus Bucur, Mircea Cartarescu, Bogdan Ghiu, Florin Iaru and Ion Bogdan Lefter. Critic Nicolae Manolescu signed the foreword to the new book.



    Here is Daria Ghiu, from the Casa Radio Publishers: “This is more than a book, it’s a set including a book and an audio book, with recordings that Mariana Marin made at Radio Romania between 1991 and 2002, more precisely 27 poems read on the radio. The audio book also includes an interview with Mariana Marin, as well as a poem by Virgil Mazilescu, read by Mariana Marin. As I said, this is more than a common book. It is also an art book, because the illustrations are made by graphic designer Tudor Jebeleanu. Whereas Mariana Marin was a representative poet for the ‘80s, Tudor Jebeleanu is the ‘visual artist’ emblematic for that decade. The book also includes a foreword by critic Nicolae Manolescu, and testimonials, texts written by Mariana Marin’s friends and colleagues.”



    Here is writer Florin Iaru, talking about poet Mariana Marin: “Mariana Marin—Madi, as her friends used to call her—was a cheerful person, who loved life. She was very passionate about things, and had a great sense of humor, although cruel humor at times. I’m going to tell you some things about Madi, as she was before being a poet. Because all of us, before being poets, were just dreaming of being poets, of writing and of having our works read by people. And I remember we were in Mariana’s one-room flat on the seventh floor, drinking red wine made by her parents, and talking poetry, of course. And we were wondering what to do to make sure our message, our soul reaches the readers. Madi was the most radical poet of our generation, the most politically involved, I know no other Romanian poet with so much interest in politics than Mariana Marin.”



    The 120 years since the birth of writer Camil Petrescu were celebrated at the Casa Radio Publishers through the release of a CD-box called “Theatre.” It includes 6 CDs, 3 radio plays taken from Radio Romania’s audio library, performed by great artists like Radu Beligan, Clody Berthola, Stefan Ciubotarasu, Octavian Cotescu, Ion Manolescu, and presented by theatre critic Florica Ichim. In the “Radio-Prichindel” and “Good Night, Children” collections, classical Romanian children’s stories are released in the form of graphic or audio books or of illustrated books accompanied by CDs. Actress Alexandrina Halic plays the characters Apolodor the Penguin, Amedeu the Lion and Ilie the Kangaroo, from Gellu Naum’s “The Second Apolodor Book,” released as an audio book with illustrations by Alexandru Ciubotariu. Another audio and visual performance is the one based on Ion Barbu’s poetry, read by Victor Rebengiuc, Emil Botta, A. E. Baconsky and Romulus Vulpescu.

  • Writer Norman Manea

    Writer Norman Manea

    One of the most prestigious guests of the International Literature and Translation Festival in Iasi, held in October 2014, was writer Norman Manea, the author of many books, among which “The Black Envelope”, “About Clowns: the Dictator and the Artist”, “The Return of the Hooligan”, “Envelopes and Portraits”, “Compulsory Happiness”, “The Lair”, “Black Milk”. Norman Manea was born into a Jewish family and in 1986 he settled in the United States. He experienced exile and deportation at a very tender age. “My existential route has been rather complicated. I experienced the first exile at the age of five. In 1945 I was feeling as an old man of 9” said Norman Manea, a good friend of writer Philip Roth and poet Edward Hirsch, the latter one of his guests at the festival in Iasi.



    The host of the evening was Romanian writer Carmen Musat, editor in chief of the Observator cultural magazine, who started from a statement by Oxford Lecturer Edward Kanterian, with whom Norman Manea carried an 11 year long dialogue, which was eventually published in the author series issued by Polirom publishers. Against that background, Edward Kanterian said that Norman Manea is the Romanian author that triggered three essential debates in Romanian culture. Carmen Musat:



    “In 1982, in an interview to Familia magazine, Norman Manea annoyed the then officials, but also some of his fellow writers, as he dared talk about nationalism and the way in which obedient writers dealt with that issue. In 1992, he published in Revista 22, run at the time by Gabriela Adamesteanu, an essay tackling Mircea Eliade’s affinities with the legionnaire movement, thus breaking a taboo topic in Romanian culture and daring to discuss Eliade’s involvement in an unhappy ideology. Then in 1997, when Mihail Sebastian’s Journal came out, Norman Manea talked about incompatibilities, actually, quoting Sebastian, about the fact that there are no incompatibilities in Romanian culture. Norman Manea has always been fascinated with nuances, but he has never been afraid of displaying a trenchant attitude in relation to issues that we normally keep quiet about.”



    Starting from these observations made by Norman Manea, Carmen Musat asked a question: why our relationship with memory gets tense when we put it in front of the mirror of truth? Norman Manea:



    “I don’t see myself as either a polemist, or an instigator. I’ve just explained my personal opinions and a way of seeing literature in the history of a nation. I’ve talked about the difficult periods in Romania’s history, but I usually refuse to talk in collective terms about Romanians, Jews, etc. I am usually interested in the individual, in what an individual can and should do. I am also interested in the radical differences between human personalities. As for the memory…Cases of self-analysis are rather scarce in our history, just like the cases of critical analysis of errors. I would say that this comes from a certain kind of hedonism. The Romanian people, which I have always been part of, though some may not be too happy about it, is, in my opinion, a hedonistic people. The saying that we have not begotten saints, we have begotten poets, is a mark of this hedonism. Hedonism means enjoying what every day has to offer and the joys that life places at your disposal, it means more interest in art than in the sacred. That entails a certain kind of adjustment, to the immediate; and that may, in turn, lead to ignoring the past.”



    Another question that Carmen Musat asked Norman Manea at the International Literature and Translation Festival in Iasi was about the role of intellectuals in the contemporary world, a post-totalitarian world, threatened by all sorts of crises. Norman Manea:



    “I usually avoid proposing or imposing a role on somebody. There are intellectuals locked inside their existence as thinkers, there are intellectuals always mixing up with the crowds and fighting for an ideal. I believe that all these are personal options. I would like to believe, and I would be happy if that were so, that the intellectual could play a positive role in the national debate. Their role, their position, their mission have grown weaker in modern society, which is very practical, even mercantile, with money being the main criterion. Prestigious intellectuals, those who at some point were educators in society, have been in the shadow for some time now, and I don’t think they are likely to come out any time soon.”



    Held under the auspices of the European Commission Representative Office in Romania, the International Literature and Translation Festival gathered over 300 professionals in the field, both from across the country and from abroad, writers, translator, editors, festival organisers, literary critics, librarians, book distributors, cultural managers and journalists.

  • Theatre director Thomas Ostermeier attends theatre festival in Romania

    Theatre director Thomas Ostermeier attends theatre festival in Romania

    On its first trip to Cluj, Berlin’s famous Schaubuhne Theatre staged a performance that was seen by many as the highlight of the Interferente International Theatre Festival hosted by this city: Henrik Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the People,” directed by Thomas Ostermeier. According to Tompa Gabor, the director of the festival and the head of the local Hungarian Theatre, there was no better place than Cluj to host this performance. Ibsen’s play is about a discovery that the source of drinking water in a spa town is polluted, the revelation of which may threaten the town’s main source of income, tourism. The dilemma arises of whether to make the truth public or not.



    The performance was followed by a talk with the creators of the show entitled “Ibsen — our contemporary. Environment and capitalism: from An Enemy of the People to Rosia Montana”. During the event, Thomas Ostermeier talked about the changes he made to the play Ibsen wrote in 1882. The most important change was that the main protagonist, Dr Stockmann, and his wife, are now much younger, in their 30s, in order to shift the focus from political conflict to a psychological analysis of the younger generation.



    Thomas Ostermeier: “I had a young couple and I put together the role of the daughter and that of the wife of Dr Stockmann in the original play of Ibsen. I put these two characters together in one character because, to be honest, the play is not one of Ibsen’s strongest plays. It’s a very banal play and I tried to make it a bit more difficult by bringing a bit more contradiction in the character of Katherine, the wife. So she is on the one hand solidary with her husband, but on the other hand she is also annoyed at a man who thinks he is the guy who brings the flame of truth to the society but who at the same time is treating his wife in a bad way. He is not sharing what he knows. He is not sharing his problems, he is not a good partner at home. It was very important for me to also show the psychological side of the political activist: this younger brother having this inferiority complex towards his older brother, that’s why he’s active. So there’s also a psychological reason, not only a political reason for his being active. He also have a lot of changes in the last act of the performance: the very twisted way of the father blackmailing the young couple, of the mayor telling him ‘ok, if you go on I will bring you to court and I will tell that you are ruining the reputation of the company in order to have a profit because you are buying the shares of the company. This is something which is not in the original version of Ibsen but this is what we can see in a lot of countries in the world: if you have a political opponent you are not fighting him with political means but you are fighting him with criminal prosecution.”



    The ending of Ostermeier’s performance is also completely different from that of Ibsen’s play. While in the latter case Dr Stockmann is a hero and the founder of a school, Ostermeier presents him with the alternative of choosing a better life and higher pay. According to the German director, this is a much more realistic option today. Ostermeier also said during the talk with the public that he is angry at the arrogance of the younger generation, his generation:


    Thomas Ostermeier: “It’s a very ambivalent and very schizophrenic generation. On the one hand, we believe that our generation is much more enlightened concerning women’s rights, how we treat each other, how we work together, how we collaborate, and we also tend to believe that we are much more aware of ecology, that we care for nature, and so on. But at the same time, as a generation, we are responsible for the ecological holocaust. There will be a generation after us who will ask us why we didn’t do anything about this. It’s a very schizophrenic generation because we pretend we are much more advanced in our view of the world than our parents’ generation but on the other hand we don’t act politically, we don’t change anything politically. I wanted to talk about this, I wanted to talk about this generation who rides a bike to go to work in the morning, who is doing yoga, who is not smoking, who is leading a healthy life, who is caring about their children. To be a good father means not only to be at home and take care of the child but you also should provide your child with a better world, a world which is not completely poisoned. This is the schizophrenia of our generation as best shown in all the political movements we had recently, in all the failures of these political movements.”



    Thomas Ostermeier does not see “An Enemy of the People” as a revolutionary manifesto, because he does not believe theatre can change anything and the role of theatre is not to start a revolution. Instead, he describes his show rather like a snapshot of the world we live in at the moment.

  • The Eurothalia European Theatre Festival

    The Eurothalia European Theatre Festival

    Organized by the German State Theatre in Timisoara, the Eurothalia European Theatre festival has reached its 4th edition in 2014. Lucian Varsandan, the director of the German State Theatre in Timisoara, told us more about this year’s highlights:



    The festival was meant to bring theatre-making in our country in line with some of the trends at European level. Ever since its early days, we wanted the festival to be a platform for high-quality cultural institutions doing theatre at EU level. In 2009, when the first edition of the festival was held, there was no similar initiative in the region and that made us go on. On the one hand, we want to bring to Timisoara some of the most innovating theatre projects from various European countries. On the other hand we are trying to bring to Timisoara some of the best plays in Romania. This component is also meant to showcase internal productions, something we started out last year and which we continued this year, and we intend to give more visibility to Romanian productions. What matters most, from my point of view, is the message the play has for a Romanian audience”.



    On of the most daring shows of the 2014 edition of the Eurothalia European Theatre Festival, both in terms of its message, and in terms of its stage directing, was “Crash Course Chit Chat”, staged by Sanjei Mitrovic theatre company from Amsterdam. The concept, stage directing and choreography belong to the same Sanja Mitrovic, who brought together five actors representing five nations: Germany, France, England , the Netherlands and Belgium. The show is based on the personal stories of actors, recollections about their childhood, their family and personal lives, as well as historical facts and clichés associated with the aforementioned countries. Sanja Mitrovic uses documentary techniques to study the relationship between personal identity and European identity.



    One of the Romanian highlights in the Eurothalia European Theatre Festival was “Victor, ou les enfants au pouvoir”, staged by Silviu Purcarete at the Hungarian State Theatre in Cluj. The show scooped this year’s award of the Romanian Association of Theatre Artists (UNITER) for best supporting actress. Csilla Albert shared with us her experience of working with this surrealist text.



    A difficult text, indeed. I believe it was written to be read, rather than to be used for the stage, although it is the text of a play. It was a struggle, a real adventure to tame the text. I think it is a challenge for us, to always work on improving our skills and to no longer impersonate characters but rather try to feel them more. To me it’s important to unleash the child within me not by showing how I believe a child should be, but by pretending I am not 35 and I can be 6 again for about two hours. And I think Silviu Purcarete has a special talent of making the actors fall in love with the script, with a certain scene.“



    As part of the festival, Timisoara’s German State Theater presented three of its own productions. One of them was Chekhov’s “Seagull”, a very touching performance, staged by Yuri Kordonsky, featuring actress Ioana Iacob playing the part of Irina Nikolaevna Arkadina.



    Working with Yuri Kordonsky was absolutely fabulous! For an actor, working with such a director is a must. He has the ability to motivate us and put us in highly emotional situations. That’s what I found most fascinating when working with him. And the text is very good. What is Irina like? She often runs the risk of being rated as villain and she is impersonated like that. I’m not sure I succeed to bring her human side to the surface. What I know is that during rehearsals I did my best to show how good she was. She is a woman whose life was really hard and who strived to make something out of her life and career. She is very devoted to her art and sometimes she gets carried away because of that. But I think she has a good heart. Just like all of Chekhov’s characters, actually.“



    Head of Timisoara’s German State Theatre Lucian Varsandan told us more about the goal of the festival.



    I think any festival is tailored for the community where it has been staged. I think this festival found its way to the heart of the public. The number of people in the audience proves that. I believe the Timisoara locals and all other spectators have come to love this festival.”



  • Writer Mircea Cartarescu, a Guest at the Iasi Literature Festival

    Writer Mircea Cartarescu, a Guest at the Iasi Literature Festival

    Literature is like Achille’s spear, it wounds with the tip and heals with the butt”, said Mircea Cartarescu, in a dialogue with writer and journalist Cezar-Paul Badescu, at the International Literature and Translation Festival held in the North-Eastern city of Iasi, in October. “Literature helps you meet yourself, and meeting yourself is the most terrible thing that can happen to you” — Mircea Cartarescu went on to say. At the beginning of the meeting on the stage of the National Theater in Iasi, Badescu challenged the writer, who has been a favorite for the Nobel Prize for a few years now, to talk about the time when he was leading the Literature Circle at the Faculty of Letters, where, together with his students, he published several collective volumes, including “Family Picture”.



    Mircea Cartarescu: “There were two reasons why I became a member and then leader of the Literature Circle. The first, and simplest, was that my generation got something for free, and when that happens, the proper thing to do is for you to pass forward something for free too. We got what we got from a generation of critics, and from many people who defined our existence, without whom we would have been nothing. That is why, it seemed natural to me to take the things I learned from them, both theoretical, and moral and ethical, and hand them down. A second reason why I got involved in the Literary Circle was that I felt like one of you. I felt the same age as you, and the period when I led the circle, those six or seven years, were the most beautiful of my life. For me it was a great pleasure and joy that you accepted me as one of you, even though I was 15 years older. I loved working for our books. I say ‘ours’ because they were collections whose foreword I wrote.”



    Asked what he got out of literature, Cartarescu said, quote “Literature has been everything to me, without being able to say that I’ve been only literature.”


    Mircea Cartarescu: “It’s like asking me what air means to me. In a letter written by Kafka to Felice Bauer, his eternal fiancée, he said: “After all, I am nothing else but literature”. I’ve very often thought about what that means, through what chemical and psychological process it is possible for a human body, a human brain, to become literature, which is what happened to Kafka, especially towards the end of his life. Before dying, Kafka was no longer a human being among humans, he was a character in one of his novels, he was literature through and through. Of course, very few of us get that far. To get that far, one would have to make colossal sacrifices. It means destroying one’s life in order to regain it in a different way. Nichita Stanescu said at some point: “We all would like to have Eminescu’s body of work, but who would want his life?” It is a great question, who would like to live the life of those who are literature through and through? To choose this would be, in a way, being a martyr.”



    Cartarescu said that he could not imagine his own life without literature. “To me, writing means living, that is all”, said Mircea Cartarescu, whom most critics and readers believe to be the most important contemporary Romanian writer:


    Mircea Cartarescu: “I don’t know if what I write is therapy. I can’t tell. I have so many anomalies, so many inner wounds, so many oddities, so many set askew and bent within my mind, that I probably could not get cured with the literature of the whole world. However, literature for me is a sort of secretion of a shell, a crust. And I see literature as an organ of my body, just as my skull is an organ of my body. This is literature to me, an organ of my body, rather than a process of psychoanalysis, of sublimation. I have always felt that literature is a part of me.”



    As a guest of the Iasi International Literature and Translation Festival, Mircea Cartarescu spoke about the event as well.


    Mircea Cartarescu: “It is of the highest level. It is a relevant event not only for national cultural life, but also, as far as I understand, it is one of the biggest, if not the biggest, in Eastern Europe. It is a great achievement”.

  • Herta Muller

    Herta Muller

    Herta Muller, a Romanian-born German writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2009, was the special guest of the International Literature and Translation Festival recently held in Iasi, north-eastern Romania. Joining Herta Muller for the event were writer and journalist Ion Vianu and translator Ernest Wichner, the director of Literaturhaus in Berlin, who also acted as host of the panel discussion on the festival agenda.



    It was in 2010 that Herta Muller last spoke before a Romanian audience, when Romanian writer Gabriel Liiceanu invited her to the Romanian Athenaeum, so the debate held as part of the International Literature and Translation Festival in Iasi came as a surprise for all those attending it. We recall that four years ago emphasis was laid on politics and resistance and Herta Muller did not hesitate to retort to Liiceanu, criticising most of the Romanian intellectuals, whom she accused of being passive during the communist regime. At the International Literature and Translation Festival in Iasi this year, however, Herta Muller mainly spoke about literature and even read from her recent volumes translated into Romanian.



    Herta Muller began to be persecuted by the former Securitate after refusing to collaborate with the then political police and also because she befriended some of the Aktionsgruppe Banat society members.



    In 1982 Herta Muller made her debut with the short fiction volume, Nadirs, published by Kriterion Publishers and brought out by Humanitas Publishers in Bucharest in 2012. The book was to a great extent censored and would also be published in West Germany in 1984. Herta Muller’s work was banned in Romania in 1985. The growing pressure coming from the former Securitate prompted Herta Muller to emigrate to Germany in 1987, and she has been living in Berlin ever since.



    The evening dedicated to Herta Muller at the International Literature and Translation Festival in Iasi started with the author reading from her most recent volume, “The Appointment” published Humanitas. In a nutshell, the novel is the story of a young woman who simply wouldn’t give up on happiness, in the totalitarian mayhem. It is a novel with a great evoking power, also displaying a rugged force of words turning into poetry and beauty, being also one of the most important novels by the Romanian-born German author. In her novel, Herta Muller gives an exceptional and deeply touching insight into how dictatorship ends up completely taking hold of the human soul. Critics have agreed that “The Appointment” jointly with two other novels “The Passport” and “The Land of Green Plums” make up a trilogy, because of their common theme. Herta Muller:



    “Critics say it’s a trilogy. I’m not so sure about that, though. There are indeed three books, but I did not plan to write a trilogy. It just happened that I wrote these books one after another. That’s because in a way I couldn’t find peace and there were things that were still haunting me. I was devastated when I left Romania, I couldn’t think about anything else. The first years were particularly difficult, as I knew the Ceausescu regime was still in power. There were so many people I cared about and I knew they were in danger of experiencing the same terrible things that I had gone through and that they had no chance to escape as I did. I had all these things in mind so I did not think about dealing with any other subject. I couldn’t have, even if I wanted to.”



    “We do not pick the subjects, the subjects pick us”, Ion Vianu said, and Herta Muller went on to explain:



    “There is this category of writers – and Ion Vianu is one of them, who went through a lot and it was impossible for them to stay unharmed. Aleksander Soljenitsin’s case was mentioned, which is highly relevant in this respect. There are people who survived wars, concentration camps and the gulag. Half of the world’s libraries contain books depicting such ordeals. There are books by people who did not pick their own topics. The topics were so virulent that writers were practically forced to dwell on them. So it was the theme that handled me and not the other way around.”



    Writer Ion Vianu said the following about Herta Muller’s literature:



    “What fascinates me about Herta Muller’s manner of writing is the extraordinary complexity of feelings. There is a very acid and ironic side to her writing, alongside a sad, grim, yet graceful one. There are also references to love and colour, all being wrapped in a kind of humour. Herta Muller’s fiction is not only sombre, but also funny. And this complexity makes Herta Muller a great writer, one of my favourite writers in the whole world. Her style is full of colourful metaphors, because she was in direct contact with life and grasped its nuances.”



    The 2009 Nobel Prize for literature went to Herta Muller, who, ”with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed.”


  • The National Theatre Festival at the end

    The National Theatre Festival at the end

    Actors, clowns, musicians, dancers and acrobats; accordion music, waltzes, old-time elegiac songs and traditional choirs. That’s how we might describe the show “Donka –a letter to Chekhov,” a joint production of the Finzi Pasca Company of Switzerland and the Chekhov International Theatre Festival, text written by the famous Daniele Finzi Pasca who also stage-directed the performance. Co-founder of the company Maria Bonzanigo wrote the music for the show, also creating the choreography, jointly with Finzi Pasca.



    Eugene Ionesco’s “Rhinoceros”, stage-directed by Robert Wilson at the Craiova National Theater is another show of the National Theater Festival’s 24th edition, which can also be described as an event. Robert Wilson’s stage version of Ionesco’s play marked the closing of the Festival on November 2nd, and most of the guests had to spend a couple of hours on Craiova, in southern Romania. “The new stage version by Robert Wilson in Craiova is a triumph. Wilson understood that it was no longer a play of the Cold War. It was actually a state of mind…”.wrote theatre critic John Elsom.


    Young stage director Bobi Pricop was assistant director to Robert Wilson for “Rhinoceros” and will now be speaking about the director’s relation with the theater in Craiova and with Ionesco’s text.


    Bobi Pricop: “I believe he was mainly attracted by the actors he knew there, in Romania. He had two big moments where he had encounters with Ionesco’s texts, he even met him in the 1970s. That’s what it was. It has been an encounter, a collision I don’t really know how to describe in theory. It is this very collision between Ionesco and Wilson that breathes life into the show. That’s mainly because at one point Ionesco said he wanted Wilson to stage his plays. And that’s exactly what happened, at last, and I’m happy it happened in our country. I believe it has been an encounter we need to follow. It might as well be the starting point for other performances, but it’s all very clear Ionesco very much served Wilson’s vision and purpose.”



    For the first time the National Theatre Festival has had an own production. It’s the famous musical ‘West Side Story’ staged for the festival by choreographer Razvan Mazilu, who has selected 21 young actors particularly for this show. Here is Razvan Mazilu about this musical and the subtitle ‘A Generation’s Manifesto’, an idea by artistic director Marina Constantinescu.



    Marina Constantinescu: “We initially set out to do a musical workshop for the National Theatre Festival. But things evolved into something bigger and we eventually ended up doing this project, very dear to me, as it has a special significance. It’s a project about generosity, about giving a chance to a very talented generation, which sadly finds itself kind of being brushed aside in our theatrical world. West Side Story is in itself a manifesto; a manifesto about freedom, about peace, humanity, happiness and, youth. I believe this project fits very well with this young generation; it’s as if it were written for it.”



    Romanian journalist Irina Wolf: “It seems a very good idea, in keeping with an international trend. Most of the festivals have a production of their own or co-productions with other festivals. Wiener Festwochen, Salzburg Festspiele have done the same, to mention a couple of the festivals in Austria…It seems that theatres were very crowded, particularly with young people. And I was very happy the youth showed such a keen interest in these shows, which weren’t attended only by students from the theatre faculty. I’d also like to mention the staging as excellent and I was happy to be in the new theatre hall in Otopeni. I would also like to refer to the livestream on adevarul.ro, with its daily broadcasts directly from the theatre hall. As the shows were available on the Internet at reasonable hours, they could be watched by the Romanians abroad, who could thus get a glimpse of the festival.



    Organized by the Theatre Union in Romania, the 24th edition of the National Theatre Festival took place over October 24th and November 2nd. We recall that Radio Romania is a traditional partner of this event.